1 00:00:04,850 --> 00:00:05,850 >>> GOOD AFTERNOON. 2 00:00:05,850 --> 00:00:09,140 I WANT TO WELCOME YOU TO THE NASA WOMEN IN ACTION S.T.E.M. 3 00:00:09,140 --> 00:00:12,700 EVENT IN GREENBELT, MARYLAND. 4 00:00:12,700 --> 00:00:13,880 I AM DR. 5 00:00:13,880 --> 00:00:18,860 CRYSTAL JOHNSON, DEPUTY CENTER DIRECTOR FOR RESEARCH AND 6 00:00:18,860 --> 00:00:19,860 TECHNOLOGY HERE AT GODDARD. 7 00:00:19,860 --> 00:00:22,180 FIRST, WE'VE HAD A MORNING OF EXCITING ACTIVITIES FOR THE 8 00:00:22,180 --> 00:00:23,890 YOUNG GIRLS WITH US HERE IN THE AUDIENCE. 9 00:00:23,890 --> 00:00:25,400 WOULD YOU AGREE WITH THAT, YOUNG LADIES? 10 00:00:25,400 --> 00:00:26,640 ALL RIGHT. 11 00:00:26,640 --> 00:00:27,640 THANK YOU. 12 00:00:27,640 --> 00:00:29,540 WE'RE HAPPY THAT YOU'RE HERE. 13 00:00:29,540 --> 00:00:30,540 THANK YOU. 14 00:00:30,540 --> 00:00:34,090 WE ARE VERY EXCITED TO PRESENT THIS EVENT TO YOU ON THIS 15 00:00:34,090 --> 00:00:37,100 SPECIAL DAY IN NASA'S HISTORY, AS WELL AS GODDARD SPACEFLIGHT 16 00:00:37,100 --> 00:00:38,530 CENTER. 17 00:00:38,530 --> 00:00:43,820 OVER 90 YEARS†-- NO, EXACTLY 90 YEARS AGO TODAY ON MARCH 16th, 18 00:00:43,820 --> 00:00:48,629 1926, A ROCKET BUILT BY ROBERT H. GODDARD LIFTED OFF AND 19 00:00:48,629 --> 00:00:54,639 FOREVER CHANGED THE WAY OF SCIENTIFIC EXPLORATION, GIVING 20 00:00:54,639 --> 00:00:58,260 BIRTH TO NASA. 21 00:00:58,260 --> 00:01:01,710 NOW MORE THAN EVER THE PURSUIT OF THOSE KINDS OF MOMENTS OF 22 00:01:01,710 --> 00:01:04,489 INNOVATION IS KEY TO OUR FUTURE. 23 00:01:04,489 --> 00:01:09,180 THE DEVELOPMENT OF WORLD CLASS TALENT AND SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, 24 00:01:09,180 --> 00:01:12,290 ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS REMAINS CRITICAL TOLL COUNTRY'S 25 00:01:12,290 --> 00:01:13,939 GLOBAL LEADERSHIP. 26 00:01:13,939 --> 00:01:18,240 SO HERE AT NASA, WE UNDERSTAND THAT FOSTERING AN OPEN AND 27 00:01:18,240 --> 00:01:22,200 DIVERSE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY THAT DRAWS FROM AN ARRAY OF 28 00:01:22,200 --> 00:01:26,570 UNIQUE EXPERIENCES AND VIEWPOINTS IS A VERY NECESSARY 29 00:01:26,570 --> 00:01:28,710 STEP TO REALIZING THIS GOAL. 30 00:01:28,710 --> 00:01:30,439 IN ADDITION, S.T.E.M. 31 00:01:30,439 --> 00:01:34,909 TECHNOLOGICAL BREAKTHROUGHS HERE AT NASA AND ALL ACROSS. 32 00:01:34,909 --> 00:01:38,119 INCREASING OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN IN THESE FIELDS IS A STEP 33 00:01:38,119 --> 00:01:42,250 TOWARD RECOGNIZING GREATER ECONOMIC SUCCESS AND EQUALITY 34 00:01:42,250 --> 00:01:44,360 FOR WOMEN ACROSS THE BOARD. 35 00:01:44,360 --> 00:01:46,939 TODAY WE'D LIKE TO SHARE WITH YOU SOME OF THE STORIES OF 36 00:01:46,939 --> 00:01:51,009 LEADING WOMEN AT NASA WHO EMBODY THIS IDEAL. 37 00:01:51,009 --> 00:01:53,820 YOU CAN FOLLOW US ON THIS DIALOGUE ON SOCIAL MEDIA 38 00:01:53,820 --> 00:02:00,970 USING†@NASAWOMEN. 39 00:02:00,970 --> 00:02:05,090 I NOW HAVE THE HONOR OF INTRODUCING OUR KEYNOTE SPEAKER, 40 00:02:05,090 --> 00:02:06,090 DR. 41 00:02:06,090 --> 00:02:07,090 JO HANDLESMAN. 42 00:02:07,090 --> 00:02:13,860 JO IS THE ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR FOR SCIENCE AT THE WHITE HOUSE 43 00:02:13,860 --> 00:02:16,460 OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY. 44 00:02:16,460 --> 00:02:19,600 SHE WAS APPOINTED TO THAT POSITION BY PRESIDENT OBAMA AND 45 00:02:19,600 --> 00:02:23,100 CONFIRMED BY THE SENATE IN JUNE OF 2014. 46 00:02:23,100 --> 00:02:26,580 SHE ADVISES THE PRESIDENT ON THE IMPLICATIONS OF SCIENCE FOR THE 47 00:02:26,580 --> 00:02:30,380 NATION, HOW SCIENCE CAN INFORM NATIONAL POLICY AND ON THE 48 00:02:30,380 --> 00:02:33,790 FEDERAL EFFORTS TO SUPPORT SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH. 49 00:02:33,790 --> 00:02:36,690 BEFORE JOINING THE WHITE HOUSE, SHE WORKED AS A PROFESSOR AT 50 00:02:36,690 --> 00:02:40,180 YALE UNIVERSITY AND THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN IN 51 00:02:40,180 --> 00:02:41,180 MADISON. 52 00:02:41,180 --> 00:02:42,180 DR. 53 00:02:42,180 --> 00:02:45,960 HANDLESMAN IS AN EXPERT IN COMMUNICATION AMONG BACTERIA, 54 00:02:45,960 --> 00:02:50,150 BACTERIA THAT ASSOCIATE WITH SOIL, PLANTS AND INSECTS, HELPED 55 00:02:50,150 --> 00:02:56,140 PIONEER A FIELD WHICH BRIDGES AGRICULTURE AND MEDICINE. 56 00:02:56,140 --> 00:02:57,140 DR. 57 00:02:57,140 --> 00:03:00,100 HANDLESMAN IS ALSO RECOGNIZED FOR HER RESEARCH ON 58 00:03:00,100 --> 00:03:05,260 SCIENCE, EDUCATION, AND WOMEN AND MINORITIES IN SCIENCE, AND 59 00:03:05,260 --> 00:03:10,430 RECEIVED THE PRESIDENTIAL AWARD FOR EXCELLENCE IN SCIENCE 60 00:03:10,430 --> 00:03:12,850 MENTORING IN 2011. 61 00:03:12,850 --> 00:03:14,850 PLEASE JOIN ME IN WELCOMING DR. 62 00:03:14,850 --> 00:03:19,170 JO HANDELSMAN. 63 00:03:19,170 --> 00:03:24,950 >> WELL, GOOD AFTERNOON. 64 00:03:24,950 --> 00:03:26,780 WELCOME, EVERYBODY. 65 00:03:26,780 --> 00:03:28,900 THANK YOU FOR THAT LOVELY INTRODUCTION. 66 00:03:28,900 --> 00:03:30,240 IT'S A REAL HONOR TO BE HERE. 67 00:03:30,240 --> 00:03:33,820 I'VE NEVER BEEN TO GODDARD BEFORE, SO I'M QUITE EXCITED AND 68 00:03:33,820 --> 00:03:38,140 HOPING FOR AN INVITATION TO COME BACK AND SEE MORE. 69 00:03:38,140 --> 00:03:41,110 THIS IS ONE OF MY FAVORITE ACTIVITIES IN WOMEN'S HISTORY 70 00:03:41,110 --> 00:03:46,210 MONTH BECAUSE IT IS PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT TO RECOGNIZE THE WOMEN 71 00:03:46,210 --> 00:03:50,370 WHO IN EARLIER TIMES WEREN'T RECOGNIZED FOR WHAT THEY DID. 72 00:03:50,370 --> 00:03:53,550 AND ALTHOUGH WOMEN HAVE BEEN IMPORTANT TO THE FULFILLMENT OF 73 00:03:53,550 --> 00:03:55,950 NASA'S MISSION THROUGHOUT ITS HISTORY, THEY HAVEN'T ALWAYS 74 00:03:55,950 --> 00:03:59,440 BEEN RECOGNIZED FOR THEIR ACCOMPLISHMENTS. 75 00:03:59,440 --> 00:04:02,870 PRESIDENT OBAMA CHANGED THAT A FEW MONTHS AGO WHEN HE AWARDED 76 00:04:02,870 --> 00:04:11,600 KATHERINE JOHNSON, A GREAT NASA MATHEMATICIAN A MEDAL. 77 00:04:11,600 --> 00:04:15,980 SHE'S BECOME SOMETHING OF A SENSATION IN SCIENCE AND 78 00:04:15,980 --> 00:04:20,930 TECHNOLOGY AS WE SHOULD HAVE BEEN ALL ALONG AND SHE'S FINALLY 79 00:04:20,930 --> 00:04:24,310 BECOMING RECOGNIZED AS ONE OF THE SO-CALLED FEMALE 80 00:04:24,310 --> 00:04:27,690 CALCULATORS, OR AS I READ UNPLEASANTLY IN ONE PLACE, THE 81 00:04:27,690 --> 00:04:29,180 COMPUTERS WITH SKIRTS. 82 00:04:29,180 --> 00:04:31,930 WHICH DIDN'T SOUND SO FLATTERING. 83 00:04:31,930 --> 00:04:35,910 AND SHE DID THE MATH THAT SENT ALLEN SHEPHERD AND JOHN GLENN 84 00:04:35,910 --> 00:04:39,860 AND THE FIRST APOLLO ASTRONAUTS INTO SPACE. 85 00:04:39,860 --> 00:04:43,150 STORY HAS IT THAT JOHN GLENN WOULDN'T TAKE OFF IN SPACE UNTIL 86 00:04:43,150 --> 00:04:46,190 KATHERINE HAD CHECKED THE MAP BECAUSE HE WANTED TO MAKE SURE 87 00:04:46,190 --> 00:04:48,750 IT WAS RIGHT. 88 00:04:48,750 --> 00:04:52,280 SHE WORKED ON VIRTUALLY EVERY MAJOR NASA SPACE MISSION FOR 89 00:04:52,280 --> 00:04:56,440 MANY, MANY YEARS FROM "MERCURY" THROUGH THE SHUTTLE. 90 00:04:56,440 --> 00:05:01,430 SHE ALSO LITERALLY WROTE THE TEXTBOOK ON ROCK SCIENCE. 91 00:05:01,430 --> 00:05:05,811 RECENTLY WE JUST FOUND OUT AT THE WHITE HOUSE THAT THERE IS 92 00:05:05,811 --> 00:05:12,460 GOING TO BE AN UPCOMING FILM ON HER LIFE SO SHE HAS TRULY HIT 93 00:05:12,460 --> 00:05:15,320 THE BIG TIME AND IS BEING RECOGNIZED. 94 00:05:15,320 --> 00:05:19,320 THAT'S TRULY CHANGED FROM THE WAY SHE IS IGNORED BEFORE. 95 00:05:19,320 --> 00:05:24,139 IF IN HE OF YOU HAVE SEEN SOME OF THE GREAT OLD FILMS OF THAT 96 00:05:24,139 --> 00:05:27,760 ERA OF EARLY SPACE MISSIONS, YOU KNOW THAT WOMEN DIDN'T PLAY A 97 00:05:27,760 --> 00:05:33,180 VERY LARGE ROLE IN THOSE FILMS EXCEPT AS WIVES OF ASTRONAUTS. 98 00:05:33,180 --> 00:05:37,720 I HOPE SOMEBODY REMAKES THE STORY OF SPACE WITH KATHERINE 99 00:05:37,720 --> 00:05:39,290 JOHNSON AT THE CENTER. 100 00:05:39,290 --> 00:05:44,680 IT SOUNDS LIKE THAT MAY BE WHAT WE'RE IN STORE FOR. 101 00:05:44,680 --> 00:05:47,520 BUT TODAY THINGS ARE SOMEWHAT DIFFERENT. 102 00:05:47,520 --> 00:05:56,340 GIRLS HAVE ALL SORTS OF ROLE MODELS. 103 00:05:56,340 --> 00:06:00,419 THAT'S ALSO REAL CHANGE THAT WE ACTUALLY HAVE FEMALE ASTRONAUTS 104 00:06:00,419 --> 00:06:02,330 TO LOOK UP TO. 105 00:06:02,330 --> 00:06:05,950 YOU ALSO HAVE INCREDIBLE LEADERSHIP AT NASA AMONG THE 106 00:06:05,950 --> 00:06:06,950 WOMEN. 107 00:06:06,950 --> 00:06:13,190 WE HAVE THE NASA DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR, AND A SCIENTIST 108 00:06:13,190 --> 00:06:16,800 WHO PROVIDE INCREDIBLE LEADERSHIP THROUGHOUT THE AGENCY 109 00:06:16,800 --> 00:06:19,950 AND THEY LEAD TEAMS OF SCIENTISTS, INCLUDING MANY, MANY 110 00:06:19,950 --> 00:06:23,350 WOMEN AND ENGINEERS WHO ARE PUSHING THE BOUNDARIES OF 111 00:06:23,350 --> 00:06:26,270 SCIENCE, AND IN SO DOING, PUSHING THE BOUNDARIES OF OUR 112 00:06:26,270 --> 00:06:27,980 UNIVERSE. 113 00:06:27,980 --> 00:06:32,030 SO TODAY I WANT TO THANK JUST PERSONALLY FROM ME AND ON BEHALF 114 00:06:32,030 --> 00:06:34,890 OF THE WHITE HOUSE, I WANT TO THANK ALL THE GREAT WOMEN AT 115 00:06:34,890 --> 00:06:39,480 NASA WHO ARE DOING WONDERFUL AND GREAT, IMPORTANT WORK. 116 00:06:39,480 --> 00:06:43,320 NOT ONLY IN THEIR SCIENCE, BUT TO INSPIRE YOUNG PEOPLE AND 117 00:06:43,320 --> 00:06:48,600 YOUNG WOMEN PARTICULARLY TO BE EXPLORERS AND INNOVATORS AND THE 118 00:06:48,600 --> 00:06:53,139 NEXT GENERATION OF ASTRONAUTS, NO MATTER WHAT THEIR BACKGROUND 119 00:06:53,139 --> 00:06:55,860 AND WHERE THEY COME FROM. 120 00:06:55,860 --> 00:06:59,370 WHEN I WAS YOUNG, I LOOKED KIND OF LONGINGLY AT TELESCOPES. 121 00:06:59,370 --> 00:07:00,720 I THOUGHT THEY WERE REALLY COOL LOOKING. 122 00:07:00,720 --> 00:07:03,840 BUT I NEVER LOOKED THROUGH ONE, BECAUSE I THOUGHT TELESCOPES 123 00:07:03,840 --> 00:07:05,190 WERE JUST FOR BOYS. 124 00:07:05,190 --> 00:07:07,220 THAT WAS THE ERA I GREW UP IN. 125 00:07:07,220 --> 00:07:11,900 SO INSTEAD, I KIND OF HOPED ONE DAY I'D HAVE A TELESCOPE. 126 00:07:11,900 --> 00:07:13,680 I'M STILL HOPING. 127 00:07:13,680 --> 00:07:15,150 ONE DAY MAYBE I WILL. 128 00:07:15,150 --> 00:07:19,660 BUT I FOUND INSTEAD THAT MICROSCOPES WERE SOMETHING THAT 129 00:07:19,660 --> 00:07:24,000 GIRLS DID USE, BECAUSE I HAD A FEMALE TEACHER IN SEVENTH GRADE. 130 00:07:24,000 --> 00:07:25,630 SHE TAUGHT ME HOW TO USE A MICROSCOPE. 131 00:07:25,630 --> 00:07:28,660 SO IT SEEMED LIKE A NATURAL THING FOR A GIRL TO USE A 132 00:07:28,660 --> 00:07:29,660 MICROSCOPE. 133 00:07:29,660 --> 00:07:32,410 SO SINCE I WAS ABOUT 12 YEARS OLD I'VE BEEN GLUED TO THE 134 00:07:32,410 --> 00:07:45,580 OCULARS OF A MICROSCOPE. 135 00:07:45,580 --> 00:07:48,669 I THINK IT HAS AN INTERESTING PARALLEL WITH SPACE BECAUSE THE 136 00:07:48,669 --> 00:07:56,960 TINY LITTLE MICROBES THAT YOU CANNOT SEE WITH YOUR EYES HAS AN 137 00:07:56,960 --> 00:08:01,270 INTERESTING SIMILARITY TO THE GREAT OBJECTS IN SPACE THAT WE 138 00:08:01,270 --> 00:08:03,960 ALSO CAN'T SEE VERY WELL WITH THE NAKED EYE. 139 00:08:03,960 --> 00:08:07,660 BUT THAT'S BECAUSE THEY'RE FAR AWAY AND LARGE. 140 00:08:07,660 --> 00:08:11,320 SO SID'S SAY THAT MICROBIOLOGY IS THE INVERSE OF ASTRONOMY. 141 00:08:11,320 --> 00:08:16,210 PERHAPS I SORT OF GOT TO LOOK THROUGH A TELESCOPE INVERSELY. 142 00:08:16,210 --> 00:08:20,220 SO THINGS HAVE CHANGED SINCE I WAS A GIRL. 143 00:08:20,220 --> 00:08:22,850 AND I HOPE THAT MANY OF THE GIRLS IN THIS ROOM TODAY WOULD 144 00:08:22,850 --> 00:08:26,419 BE APPALLED TO THINK THAT A TELESCOPE WAS ONLY FOR A BOY, 145 00:08:26,419 --> 00:08:29,970 THAT THAT IS JUST SOMETHING THAT NEVER ENTERED YOUR MIND. 146 00:08:29,970 --> 00:08:33,089 PERHAPS THE BEST ILLUSTRATION OF THAT CHANGE IS THAT HALF OF THE 147 00:08:33,089 --> 00:08:35,630 RECENT ASTRONAUT CLASS IS WOMEN. 148 00:08:35,630 --> 00:08:39,689 SO THAT'S BIG CHANGE BUT WE STILL HAVE MORE TO DO. 149 00:08:39,689 --> 00:08:42,389 THERE ARE STILL TOO MANY LITTLE GIRLS WHO GROW UP THINKING THAT 150 00:08:42,389 --> 00:08:46,059 THEY CAN'T DO SOMETHING OR SOMEONE TELLS THEM THAT THEY 151 00:08:46,059 --> 00:08:49,070 CAN'T DO SOMETHING BECAUSE THEY'RE A GIRL. 152 00:08:49,070 --> 00:08:52,149 PARTICULARLY IN ENGINEERING AND OTHER FIELDS OF THE QUANTITATIVE 153 00:08:52,149 --> 00:08:56,529 SCIENCES LIKE ASTRONOMY AND COMPUTER SCIENCE, IT'S BEEN VERY 154 00:08:56,529 --> 00:09:00,150 HARD FOR GIRLS TO GET INTO THESE FIELDS, IN PART, BECAUSE THERE 155 00:09:00,150 --> 00:09:03,110 HAVEN'T BEEN ENOUGH WOMEN TO PROVIDE ROLE MODELS. 156 00:09:03,110 --> 00:09:08,019 IT IS HARD TO DO SOMETHING IF YOU CAN'T SEE SOMEONE WHO LOOKS 157 00:09:08,019 --> 00:09:11,069 LIKE YOU DOING THAT SAME THING. 158 00:09:11,069 --> 00:09:15,420 WOMEN STILL OCCUPY A MINORITY OF JOBS IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, 159 00:09:15,420 --> 00:09:18,199 ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS, OR S.T.E.M. 160 00:09:18,199 --> 00:09:23,619 29% OF THE JOBS ARE FILLED BY WOMEN, AND 37% OF S.T.E.M. 161 00:09:23,619 --> 00:09:25,490 COLLEGE GRADUATES ARE WOMEN. 162 00:09:25,490 --> 00:09:28,269 SADLY, THAT'S SKEWED BY FIELD. 163 00:09:28,269 --> 00:09:31,970 MY FIELD BIOLOGY IS VERY RICH WITH WOMEN, BUT MANY OTHER 164 00:09:31,970 --> 00:09:38,050 FIELDS HAVE LESS THAN 29% OF THEIR JOBS BEING FILLED BY 165 00:09:38,050 --> 00:09:39,050 WOMEN. 166 00:09:39,050 --> 00:09:42,480 IN SOME FIELDS LIKE COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, IN THE 167 00:09:42,480 --> 00:09:45,980 LAST FEW DECADES, THE PROPORTION OF WOMEN IN MAJORS IN THOSE 168 00:09:45,980 --> 00:09:48,749 FIELDS IN COLLEGE HAS ACTUALLY GONE DOWN. 169 00:09:48,749 --> 00:09:50,230 WE HAVE TO FIX THAT. 170 00:09:50,230 --> 00:09:53,209 THAT'S IMPORTANT CHANGE AS WELL. 171 00:09:53,209 --> 00:09:57,019 THE PRESIDENT HAS SAID OVER AND OVER THAT IMPROVING S.T.E.M. 172 00:09:57,019 --> 00:10:00,019 OUTCOMES FOR ALL STUDENTS IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT THINGS WE 173 00:10:00,019 --> 00:10:04,329 CAN DO TO ENSURE A PROSPEROUS, SECURE AND SUSTAINABLE FUTURE 174 00:10:04,329 --> 00:10:05,959 FOR OUR COUNTRY. 175 00:10:05,959 --> 00:10:08,639 AND HE'S ACTED ON THAT IN MANY, MANY WAYS. 176 00:10:08,639 --> 00:10:13,230 A BIG PART OF THAT GOAL MEANS HELPING TO INCREASE ACCESS FOR 177 00:10:13,230 --> 00:10:15,990 WOMEN AND GIRLS WHO WANT TO ENTER S.T.E.M. 178 00:10:15,990 --> 00:10:18,480 FIELDS, AND THOSE FIELDS ARE IMPORTANT TO GET THEM 179 00:10:18,480 --> 00:10:22,790 INTO BECAUSE THOSE REPRESENT WELL-PAYING JOBS, EXCITING AND 180 00:10:22,790 --> 00:10:27,259 REWARDING CAREERS, AND THOSE JOBS CONTRIBUTE TO OUR NATIONAL 181 00:10:27,259 --> 00:10:29,269 GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS. 182 00:10:29,269 --> 00:10:32,910 SO THE PRESIDENT'S FOCUS ON INCREASING WOMEN IN S.T.E.M. 183 00:10:32,910 --> 00:10:34,829 IS NOT JUST THE RIGHT THING TO DO, 184 00:10:34,829 --> 00:10:39,300 BUT OUR ECONOMIC FUTURE DEPENDS ON IT BECAUSE WE NEED MORE AND 185 00:10:39,300 --> 00:10:40,569 TALENTED S.T.E.M. 186 00:10:40,569 --> 00:10:43,240 WORKERS AND WE NEED TO DRAW THEM FROM WHATEVER 187 00:10:43,240 --> 00:10:46,290 GROUPS THEY'RE PART OF BASED ON THEIR TALENT AND NOT WHETHER 188 00:10:46,290 --> 00:10:51,399 THEY'RE JUST BOYS OR THE TRADITIONAL LOOKING SCIENTISTS 189 00:10:51,399 --> 00:10:53,240 OF THE PAST. 190 00:10:53,240 --> 00:10:56,360 WE KNOW A FEW THINGS FROM EDUCATION RESEARCH OF THE LAST 191 00:10:56,360 --> 00:11:00,790 FEW DECADES ABOUT WHAT DRIVES PEOPLE AWAY FROM S.T.E.M. 192 00:11:00,790 --> 00:11:04,899 FIELDS, AND ALSO WHAT HELPS THEM TO SUCCEED AND WHAT INSPIRES 193 00:11:04,899 --> 00:11:05,910 THEM. 194 00:11:05,910 --> 00:11:09,869 AND IN PARTICULAR, GIRLS AND CERTAIN MINORITY GROUPS RESPOND 195 00:11:09,869 --> 00:11:12,019 TO DIFFERENT KINDS OF TEACHING. 196 00:11:12,019 --> 00:11:15,640 SO THE FIRST THING WE HAVE TO DO IS CHANGE THE WAY WE TEACH 197 00:11:15,640 --> 00:11:16,640 S.T.E.M. 198 00:11:16,640 --> 00:11:18,610 IN THE CLASSROOM, AND THAT'S THROUGHOUT FROM 199 00:11:18,610 --> 00:11:21,369 KINDERGARTEN ALL THE WAY THROUGH GRADUATE SCHOOL. 200 00:11:21,369 --> 00:11:25,920 THE CHANGES WE NEED TO MAKE INVOLVE GETTING PEOPLE ACTIVELY 201 00:11:25,920 --> 00:11:29,209 INVOLVED, ENGAGING WITH THE MATERIAL, DISCOVERING 202 00:11:29,209 --> 00:11:33,140 ENGINEERING THINGS, CREATING THINGS, AND NOT JUST READING 203 00:11:33,140 --> 00:11:36,089 ABOUT THINGS IN A TEXTBOOK THAT OTHER PEOPLE HAVE EITHER 204 00:11:36,089 --> 00:11:38,410 DISCOVERED OR INVENTED. 205 00:11:38,410 --> 00:11:40,720 THOSE ARE GOOD TEACHING TECHNIQUES FOR EVERYONE, BUT 206 00:11:40,720 --> 00:11:43,899 THEY HAVE A DIFFERENTIALLY POSITIVE EFFECT ON WOMEN AND 207 00:11:43,899 --> 00:11:45,480 MINORITIES. 208 00:11:45,480 --> 00:11:49,269 SO IF WE START INCORPORATING REAL WORLD PROBLEMS INTO OUR 209 00:11:49,269 --> 00:11:52,860 CLASSROOMS, AND HANDS-ON RESEARCH, WE'LL BE BREEDING 210 00:11:52,860 --> 00:11:55,119 SCIENTISTS IN A COMPLETELY NEW WAY. 211 00:11:55,119 --> 00:11:59,339 WE'LL BE RAISING A GENERATION OF SCIENTISTS WHO COME TO US EVEN 212 00:11:59,339 --> 00:12:03,209 BY THE TIME THEY GET TO COLLEGE UNDERSTANDING WHAT SCIENCE IS, 213 00:12:03,209 --> 00:12:06,569 WHAT ENGINEERING IS, WHAT IT MEANS TO PARTICIPATE, TO BE A 214 00:12:06,569 --> 00:12:11,670 SCIENTIST OR AN ENGINEER AND NOT JUST LOOK FROM THE OUTSIDE. 215 00:12:11,670 --> 00:12:14,920 THAT'S A REALLY, REALLY IMPORTANT CHANGE. 216 00:12:14,920 --> 00:12:17,839 THE OTHER ASPECT OF WHAT WE DO IN OUR CLASSROOMS THAT HAS TO 217 00:12:17,839 --> 00:12:21,480 CHANGE IS WE NEED TO MAKE CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE SCIENCE 218 00:12:21,480 --> 00:12:26,739 AND TECHNOLOGY THAT WE TEACH AND THE REAL WORLD THAT IT AFFECTS. 219 00:12:26,739 --> 00:12:31,459 THERE IS EVIDENCE THAT GIRLS AND MINORITIES HAVE A GREATER DRIVE 220 00:12:31,459 --> 00:12:36,059 TO SERVE THEIR COMMUNITIES AND TO SERVE THE GLOBAL COMMUNITY IN 221 00:12:36,059 --> 00:12:39,899 THEIR JOBS, AND THEIR CAREER CHOICES ARE DRIVEN BY THIS MORE 222 00:12:39,899 --> 00:12:43,189 THAN FOR WHITE MEN AND BOYS. 223 00:12:43,189 --> 00:12:46,879 SO AS A RESULT, WE'RE DEPRIVING ALL STUDENTS FROM UNDERSTANDING 224 00:12:46,879 --> 00:12:50,930 THOSE CONNECTIONS, BUT PARTICULARLY DEPRIVING GIRLS AND 225 00:12:50,930 --> 00:12:53,850 MINORITIES MAY DECIDE NOT TO GO INTO S.T.E.M. 226 00:12:53,850 --> 00:12:56,170 CAREERS BECAUSE THEY MAY NOT SEE THAT CONNECTION 227 00:12:56,170 --> 00:12:59,839 TO MAKING THE WORLD A BETTER PLACE, AND IN FACT S.T.E.M. 228 00:12:59,839 --> 00:13:01,389 IS ALL ABOUT MAKING THE WORLD A 229 00:13:01,389 --> 00:13:02,389 BETTER PLACE. 230 00:13:02,389 --> 00:13:06,309 IT IS THE PURSUIT OF KNOWLEDGE, BUT IT IS ALSO KNOWLEDGE FOR THE 231 00:13:06,309 --> 00:13:09,059 BENEFIT OF HUMANKIND. 232 00:13:09,059 --> 00:13:12,949 SO THAT'S AN IMPORTANT FIRST STEP THAT MY OFFICE IS WORKING 233 00:13:12,949 --> 00:13:16,130 ON, TRYING TO CHANGE THE WAY THAT WE TEACH. 234 00:13:16,130 --> 00:13:18,110 BUT IT GOES BEYOND THE CLASSROOM. 235 00:13:18,110 --> 00:13:24,420 ANOTHER CHANGE WE NEED IS TO CHANGE THE IMAGE OF S.T.E.M. 236 00:13:24,420 --> 00:13:25,480 IN OUR MEDIA. 237 00:13:25,480 --> 00:13:30,180 WE KNOW ENTERTAINMENT MEDIA HAS ALTERED WHAT PEOPLE CONSCIOUSLY 238 00:13:30,180 --> 00:13:34,790 AND UNCONSCIOUSLY PLAN TO DO, THINK TO DO AND END UP ACTUALLY 239 00:13:34,790 --> 00:13:36,000 DOING. 240 00:13:36,000 --> 00:13:39,670 SO WE NEED TO WORK TO CHANGE THE IMAGES TO MAKE S.T.E.M. 241 00:13:39,670 --> 00:13:42,610 A FIELD THAT IS POPULATED IN FICTIONAL 242 00:13:42,610 --> 00:13:47,290 MEDIA WITH THE KIND OF PEOPLE WHO REALLY DO S.T.E.M., WHICH IS 243 00:13:47,290 --> 00:13:51,290 A TREMENDOUS VARIETY OF WOMEN AND MINORITIES AND PEOPLE FROM 244 00:13:51,290 --> 00:13:52,999 ALL WALKS OF LIFE. 245 00:13:52,999 --> 00:13:57,610 SO THAT'S WHY IT'S VERY EXCITING TO HEAR RECENTLY THAT THIS MOVIE 246 00:13:57,610 --> 00:14:02,559 ABOUT KATHERINE JOHNSON IS BEING MADE, BECAUSE THAT'S ONE OF OUR 247 00:14:02,559 --> 00:14:07,209 GOALS IN MY OFFICE TO SEE CHANGE IN THE WAY S.T.E.M. 248 00:14:07,209 --> 00:14:08,949 AND PEOPLE WHO DO S.T.E.M. 249 00:14:08,949 --> 00:14:12,540 ARE REPRESENTED, TO INCLUDE A BROADER RANGE OF 250 00:14:12,540 --> 00:14:17,610 OUR STUDENTS AND ULTIMATELY ASPIRING SCIENTISTS AND 251 00:14:17,610 --> 00:14:18,610 ENGINEERS. 252 00:14:18,610 --> 00:14:22,079 AND THE THIRD THING IS WE NEED TO REMOVE BARRIERS FROM OUR 253 00:14:22,079 --> 00:14:26,989 EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS SO WE DON'T CREATE ARTIFICIAL REASONS 254 00:14:26,989 --> 00:14:30,920 FOR WOMEN AND MINORITIES TO GET TURNED AWAY FROM S.T.E.M. 255 00:14:30,920 --> 00:14:34,269 SOME OF THAT IS JUST INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURES, LIKE 256 00:14:34,269 --> 00:14:42,209 HOW WE PLAN PEOPLE'S LIVES ACCORDING TO MALE REPRODUCTIVE 257 00:14:42,209 --> 00:14:45,029 CALENDARS AND NOT FEMALE CALENDARS. 258 00:14:45,029 --> 00:14:50,029 AND MANY OTHER THINGS THAT HAVE BEEN FOCUSED ON FOR DECADES FOR 259 00:14:50,029 --> 00:14:53,620 MEN THAT AREN'T THE BENEFIT TO WOMEN, AND VISA VERSA, THINGS 260 00:14:53,620 --> 00:14:58,249 THAT WOMEN NEED IN ORDER TO BE INTEGRATED INTO THE ACADEMIC 261 00:14:58,249 --> 00:14:59,249 S.T.E.M. 262 00:14:59,249 --> 00:15:02,059 COMMUNITY, BUT JUST ISN'T PROVIDED. 263 00:15:02,059 --> 00:15:05,439 WE NEED TO TAKE THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN ACADEMIC SCIENCE 264 00:15:05,439 --> 00:15:09,249 THROUGHOUT FROM KINDERGARTEN THROUGH GRADUATE SCHOOL AND 265 00:15:09,249 --> 00:15:10,360 EMPLOYMENT. 266 00:15:10,360 --> 00:15:13,850 WE NEED TO TAKE THAT ROLE VERY SERIOUSLY AND REALIZE THAT IF WE 267 00:15:13,850 --> 00:15:18,559 DON'T DRAW ON ALL OF THE TALENT IN THIS COUNTRY, AND AT LEAST 268 00:15:18,559 --> 00:15:23,110 HALF OF IT COMES FROM WOMEN, WE ARE NOT EXPERIENCING THE KIND†-- 269 00:15:23,110 --> 00:15:27,490 WE WON'T EXPERIENCE THE KIND OF GROWTH AND CREATIVITY AND 270 00:15:27,490 --> 00:15:31,930 INNOVATION THAT OUR COUNTRY HAS ALWAYS THRIVED UPON. 271 00:15:31,930 --> 00:15:36,290 I THINK THERE IS EVIDENCE THAT DIVERSITY IS ONE OF THE THINGS 272 00:15:36,290 --> 00:15:40,980 THAT HAS SEPARATED OUR COUNTRY IN INNOVATION FROM ALL OTHER 273 00:15:40,980 --> 00:15:41,980 COUNTRIES. 274 00:15:41,980 --> 00:15:45,040 WE'RE ALWAYS LOOKED TO AS THE MOST INNOVATIVE COUNTRY AND 275 00:15:45,040 --> 00:15:47,910 WE'RE THE ENVY OF THE WORLD FOR THAT WITH OUR SCIENCE AND 276 00:15:47,910 --> 00:15:51,079 TECHNOLOGY JUST LEADING THE WORLD, AND MANY COUNTRIES HAVE 277 00:15:51,079 --> 00:15:54,299 TRIED TO COPY OUR SYSTEM AND THEY'VE TRIED TO COPY OUR 278 00:15:54,299 --> 00:15:56,009 EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM. 279 00:15:56,009 --> 00:15:59,040 THEY'VE TRIED TO CREATE LIBERAL ARTS COLLEGES WHICH ARE 280 00:15:59,040 --> 00:16:01,920 SOMETHING VERY SPECIAL TO THE UNITED STATES. 281 00:16:01,920 --> 00:16:05,410 THEY'VE LOOKED AT OUR BUSINESS MODELS AND TRIED TO COPY OUR 282 00:16:05,410 --> 00:16:06,410 COMPANIES. 283 00:16:06,410 --> 00:16:10,759 BUT I WOULD ASSERT THE ONE THING THAT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT 284 00:16:10,759 --> 00:16:14,280 INNOVATION IN THIS COUNTRY THAT PEOPLE CAN'T COPY FROM THE 285 00:16:14,280 --> 00:16:16,859 OUTSIDE IS OUR DIVERSITY. 286 00:16:16,859 --> 00:16:18,959 THERE IS SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE TO BACK THAT UP. 287 00:16:18,959 --> 00:16:22,779 THERE'S A LOT OF EVIDENCE TO SAY THAT DIVERSE GROUPS ACTUALLY 288 00:16:22,779 --> 00:16:26,899 FUNCTION MUCH BETTER AND ARE MORE CREATIVE AND PRODUCE BETTER 289 00:16:26,899 --> 00:16:30,489 OUTCOMES MORE CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE OUTCOMES THAN MORE 290 00:16:30,489 --> 00:16:33,610 UNIFORM OR HOMOGENEOUS GROUPS. 291 00:16:33,610 --> 00:16:38,600 THESE COMPANIES YOU HEAR ABOUT THAT ARE ALMOST ALL WHITE MEN 292 00:16:38,600 --> 00:16:42,860 ARE DOING THEMSELVES A DISSERVICE BY EXCLUDING WHIP AND 293 00:16:42,860 --> 00:16:46,209 MINORITIES THAT CAN BE ENRICHING THE CONVERSATION AND DIALOGUE 294 00:16:46,209 --> 00:16:48,730 AND THE CREATIVITY OF EVERYONE THERE. 295 00:16:48,730 --> 00:16:52,970 BUT AS A NATION, PERHAPS NOT IN EVERY COMPANY, BUT AS A NATION, 296 00:16:52,970 --> 00:16:58,410 WE ARE UNIQUELY DIVERSE AND WE NEED TO NOT ONLY TREASURE THAT 297 00:16:58,410 --> 00:17:02,480 AND USE IT FOR BENEFIT, BUT WE NEED TO MAKE SURE THAT PEOPLE 298 00:17:02,480 --> 00:17:06,110 KNOW THAT DIVERSITY IS NOT SOMETHING THAT WE DO BECAUSE WE 299 00:17:06,110 --> 00:17:07,449 SHOULD DO IT. 300 00:17:07,449 --> 00:17:10,949 WE TAKE CARE OF OUR DIVERSITY BECAUSE THAT IS WHAT AMERICA IS 301 00:17:10,949 --> 00:17:15,559 AND THAT'S WHAT MAKES US GREAT, AND WE NEED TO LIVE THAT AND 302 00:17:15,559 --> 00:17:18,389 WORK TOWARD A NEW MODEL OF S.T.E.M. 303 00:17:18,389 --> 00:17:21,679 WHERE DIVERSITY IS VALUED AND ENCOURAGED AND NOT 304 00:17:21,679 --> 00:17:24,449 SEEN AS AN EXTRA. 305 00:17:24,449 --> 00:17:29,049 SO TO THE YOUNG WOMEN HERE WHO ARE TOMORROW'S LEADER IN 306 00:17:29,049 --> 00:17:34,309 S.T.E.M., I SAY GO AFTER YOUR DREAMS. 307 00:17:34,309 --> 00:17:39,190 WHETHER IT IS DISCOVERING A STAR OR TRAVELING TO A PLANET, I SAY 308 00:17:39,190 --> 00:17:40,410 GO FOR IT. 309 00:17:40,410 --> 00:17:44,200 IMAGINE YOURSELF DOING WHATEVER IT IS THAT ANYONE CAN DO. 310 00:17:44,200 --> 00:17:48,080 EVEN IF YOU DON'T SEE SOMEONE WHO LOOKS JUST LIKE YOU, DOING 311 00:17:48,080 --> 00:17:49,360 WHAT YOU IMAGINED. 312 00:17:49,360 --> 00:17:50,360 THAT'S OKAY. 313 00:17:50,360 --> 00:17:52,059 YOU COULD BE THE FIRST. 314 00:17:52,059 --> 00:17:55,240 AND IF SOMEONE TELLS YOU, YOU CAN'T DO THAT, YOUR ANSWER 315 00:17:55,240 --> 00:17:58,149 SHOULD BE†-- YES, I CAN. 316 00:17:58,149 --> 00:18:01,810 AND THAT'S THE ONLY ANSWER YOU SHOULD CONSIDER BECAUSE YOU CAN 317 00:18:01,810 --> 00:18:03,830 DO ANYTHING. 318 00:18:03,830 --> 00:18:07,280 TO THE SENIOR WOMEN OF NASA I WANT TO AGAIN THANK YOU FOR THE 319 00:18:07,280 --> 00:18:10,460 GREAT WORK YOU'VE DONE AND THE LEADERSHIP YOU'VE GIVEN TO THE 320 00:18:10,460 --> 00:18:15,650 ENTIRE EFFORT TO BRING A MORE DIVERSE COMMUNITY INTO THE 321 00:18:15,650 --> 00:18:16,650 S.T.E.M. 322 00:18:16,650 --> 00:18:19,600 FIELDS AND TO BE ROLE MODELS FOR THE NEXT GENERATION. 323 00:18:19,600 --> 00:18:22,630 SO I'M LOOKING FORWARD TO OUR AFTERNOON AND I THANK YOU ALL 324 00:18:22,630 --> 00:18:28,769 FOR BEING HERE AND HAVE FUN. 325 00:18:28,769 --> 00:18:38,490 [†APPLAUSE†] >>> OKAY. 326 00:18:38,490 --> 00:18:39,789 THANK YOU SO MUCH, DR. 327 00:18:39,789 --> 00:18:42,860 HANDLESMAN, FOR SHARING YOUR THOUGHTS WITH US HERE TODAY. 328 00:18:42,860 --> 00:18:46,049 JUST A LITTLE REMINDER, YOU ARE WATCHING NASA'S WOMEN IN ACTION 329 00:18:46,049 --> 00:18:49,060 EVENT LIVE FROM NASA'S GODDARD SPACEFLIGHT CENTER. 330 00:18:49,060 --> 00:18:55,809 TO ASK ANY QUESTIONS, USE #ASKNASA ON SOCIAL MEDIA. 331 00:18:55,809 --> 00:18:58,440 SO NOW HERE TO TAKE THOSE QUESTIONS ONCE YOU SEND THEM IN, 332 00:18:58,440 --> 00:19:01,539 WE HAVE FOUR OF OUR NASA LEADERS THAT ARE GOING TO BE ANSWERING 333 00:19:01,539 --> 00:19:03,240 THOSE QUESTIONS FOR YOU. 334 00:19:03,240 --> 00:19:08,169 PLEASE WELCOME ME†-- PLEASE HELP ME IN WELCOMING, FIRST OF ALL, 335 00:19:08,169 --> 00:19:09,169 DR. 336 00:19:09,169 --> 00:19:10,169 DAVA NEWMAN. 337 00:19:10,169 --> 00:19:13,470 SHE IS OUR DEPUTY NASA ADMINISTRATOR AND ALONG WITH 338 00:19:13,470 --> 00:19:15,610 ADMINISTRATOR CHARLES BOLDEN, DR. 339 00:19:15,610 --> 00:19:18,809 NEWMAN IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PROVIDING OVERALL LEADERSHIP, 340 00:19:18,809 --> 00:19:21,160 PLANNING AND POLICY DIRECTION FOR OUR AGENCY. 341 00:19:21,160 --> 00:19:23,560 HAVE A SEAT. 342 00:19:23,560 --> 00:19:30,529 NEXT, LISA ROWE, OUR DEPP TIP ASSOCIATE ADMINISTRATOR. 343 00:19:30,529 --> 00:19:32,830 SHE ASSISTS THE ASSOCIATE ADMINISTRATOR IN PERFORMING THE 344 00:19:32,830 --> 00:19:36,940 CHIEF OPERATIONS OFFICER DUTIES FOR THE AGENCY AND LEADS SEVERAL 345 00:19:36,940 --> 00:19:39,779 KEY AGENCY INITIATIVES. 346 00:19:39,779 --> 00:19:41,409 NEXT WE HAVE DR. 347 00:19:41,409 --> 00:19:44,799 ELLEN, NASA'S CHIEF SCIENTIST. 348 00:19:44,799 --> 00:19:49,450 SHE'S THE PRINCIPAL ADVISOR TO THE ADMINISTER ON THE AGENCY 349 00:19:49,450 --> 00:19:53,260 SCIENCE PROGRAM AND SCIENCE RELATED ARE STRATEGIC PLANNING 350 00:19:53,260 --> 00:19:54,470 AND INVESTMENT. 351 00:19:54,470 --> 00:19:56,080 AND THEN DR. 352 00:19:56,080 --> 00:20:01,040 ELLEN OCHOA FROM JOHNSON SPATE FLIGHT CENTER. 353 00:20:01,040 --> 00:20:05,029 SHE IS THE DIRECTOR OF THE SPATE FLIGHT CENTER AND AS A FORMER 354 00:20:05,029 --> 00:20:09,169 ASTRONAUT SHE FLEW ABOARD TWO MISSIONS ON "DISCOVERY" AND TWO 355 00:20:09,169 --> 00:20:10,289 ABOARD "ATLANTIS." 356 00:20:10,289 --> 00:20:19,580 SHE IS THE FIRST HISPANIC WOMAN EVER TO FLY IN SPACE. 357 00:20:19,580 --> 00:20:23,070 SO I WILL BE MODERATING THE PANEL FOR THESE LADIES TODAY. 358 00:20:23,070 --> 00:20:24,740 FIRST START WITH DR. 359 00:20:24,740 --> 00:20:27,080 NEWMAN AND GIVE A BRIEF INTRODUCTION, 360 00:20:27,080 --> 00:20:29,039 ONE-MINUTE INTRODUCTION ON YOURSELF. 361 00:20:29,039 --> 00:20:30,359 THANK YOU. 362 00:20:30,359 --> 00:20:32,500 >> HELLO, EVERYONE. 363 00:20:32,500 --> 00:20:34,649 HELLO, EVERYONE! 364 00:20:34,649 --> 00:20:37,870 HELLO, OUT THERE! 365 00:20:37,870 --> 00:20:41,000 WE GOT TO JAZZ IT UP HERE! 366 00:20:41,000 --> 00:20:42,460 I AM THRILLED TO BE HERE. 367 00:20:42,460 --> 00:20:47,289 I MEAN WOMEN IN S.T.E.M., JO, THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR THAT 368 00:20:47,289 --> 00:20:48,289 INSPIRING TALK. 369 00:20:48,289 --> 00:20:50,900 THAT'S WHAT WE'RE HERE TO DO IS CELEBRATE, ACKNOWLEDGE THE WORK 370 00:20:50,900 --> 00:20:55,100 WE HAVE TO DO AND DO IT ALL TOGETHER. 371 00:20:55,100 --> 00:20:58,230 SO I AM A FORMER ACADEMIC. 372 00:20:58,230 --> 00:20:59,230 REAL QUICK BIO. 373 00:20:59,230 --> 00:21:03,470 I GREW UP IN HELENA, MONTANA, GREW UP IN BIG SKY COUNTRY. 374 00:21:03,470 --> 00:21:04,840 GREW UP DREAMING ABOUT THE START. 375 00:21:04,840 --> 00:21:12,169 THE APOLLO PROGRAM WAS VERY BIG WHEN I WAS A GIRL. 376 00:21:12,169 --> 00:21:17,000 I'VE BEEN FOCUSED ON SENDING PEOPLE TO MARS†-- NOT EVER 377 00:21:17,000 --> 00:21:18,000 SINCE. 378 00:21:18,000 --> 00:21:21,179 WHEN I WAS IN HIGH SCHOOL AT YOUR AGE, I LOVED BASKETBALL AND 379 00:21:21,179 --> 00:21:26,890 SKIING AND THANK GOODNESS SCIENCE AND MATH. 380 00:21:26,890 --> 00:21:33,490 I KIND OF ENHANCED†-- CALLED IT S.T.E.A.M.D. 381 00:21:33,490 --> 00:21:37,509 I BRING IN THE ARTS BECAUSE ALL I KNOW IS THE ARTS ARE MY STORY 382 00:21:37,509 --> 00:21:40,330 TELLERS, TELLING US HOW WE'RE GOING TO GET TO MARS. 383 00:21:40,330 --> 00:21:47,550 THE ALMOST THE WHOLE TABLE HAS SOME DESIGN EXPERIENCE. 384 00:21:47,550 --> 00:21:49,080 SO "D" IS IN. 385 00:21:49,080 --> 00:21:53,220 I'M HERE TO TELL YOU THAT YOU'RE ALL IN BECAUSE WE NEED EVERY 386 00:21:53,220 --> 00:21:55,399 SINGLE ONE OF YOU. 387 00:21:55,399 --> 00:21:59,559 FROM FAST FORWARD FROM EARLY CAREER IN MONTANA, MY FAMILY 388 00:21:59,559 --> 00:22:00,720 ALSO HAILS FROM CALIFORNIA. 389 00:22:00,720 --> 00:22:01,760 I WENT TO THE MIDWEST. 390 00:22:01,760 --> 00:22:03,450 I HAD NEVER BEEN THERE BEFORE. 391 00:22:03,450 --> 00:22:06,010 A LOT OF CORN FIELDS. 392 00:22:06,010 --> 00:22:10,590 I WENT TO NOTRE DAME AND BECAME AN AEROSPACE ENGINEER. 393 00:22:10,590 --> 00:22:12,910 BUT FIRST I WAS A PRELAW MAJOR. 394 00:22:12,910 --> 00:22:13,910 WHAT'S THAT? 395 00:22:13,910 --> 00:22:17,360 MY BROTHER GAVE ME GREAT ADVICE AND SAID, YOU'RE GOOD AT SCIENCE 396 00:22:17,360 --> 00:22:18,360 AND MATH. 397 00:22:18,360 --> 00:22:19,360 DO SOMETHING LIKE THAT. 398 00:22:19,360 --> 00:22:20,559 I DIDN'T EVEN KNOW. 399 00:22:20,559 --> 00:22:21,559 IT'S CALLED ENGINEERING. 400 00:22:21,559 --> 00:22:24,149 WELL, IT ALL WORKED OUT WELL. 401 00:22:24,149 --> 00:22:28,640 FROM THERE I WENT TO GRADUATE SCHOOL TO M.I.T. 402 00:22:28,640 --> 00:22:31,110 DID TECHNOLOGY AND POLICY BECAUSE I WONDERED HOW DO THEY 403 00:22:31,110 --> 00:22:33,350 MAKE THOSE CRAZY DECISIONS IN WASHINGTON? 404 00:22:33,350 --> 00:22:36,139 WELL, BE CAREFUL WHAT YOU WISH FOR. 405 00:22:36,139 --> 00:22:39,240 BECAUSE 30 YEARS LATER YOU MIGHT BE SITTING IN THIS SEAT AND 406 00:22:39,240 --> 00:22:42,960 STILL TRY TO FIGURE OUT HOW WE CAN MAKE THE BEST DECISION FOR 407 00:22:42,960 --> 00:22:44,190 THE FUTURE. 408 00:22:44,190 --> 00:22:49,679 CAME DOWN LAST YEAR TO JOIN NASA AND I JUST HAVE TO SAY, I'M 409 00:22:49,679 --> 00:22:53,130 HUMBLED, I'M HONORED, BECAUSE IT IS THE NASA WOMEN, IT IS THE 410 00:22:53,130 --> 00:22:56,500 NASA TEAM THAT I'VE BEEN ABLE TO TEAM AND I THINK I HAVE THE BEST 411 00:22:56,500 --> 00:22:59,759 JOB IN THE WORLD. 412 00:22:59,759 --> 00:23:01,259 >> AWESOME. 413 00:23:01,259 --> 00:23:02,759 LISA. 414 00:23:02,759 --> 00:23:06,110 >> WELL, I AM DELIGHTED TO BE HERE AS WELL. 415 00:23:06,110 --> 00:23:10,259 I HAD A GREAT CONVERSATION LEARNING ABOUT ALL THAT IS GOING 416 00:23:10,259 --> 00:23:12,630 ON IN OUR HIGH SCHOOLS IN ENGINEER SOMETHING. 417 00:23:12,630 --> 00:23:14,710 I WAS JUST THRILLED TO HEAR ABOUT THE DIFFERENT PROGRAMS, 418 00:23:14,710 --> 00:23:18,620 THE AEROSPACE PROGRAM THAT'S HAPPENING THERE. 419 00:23:18,620 --> 00:23:22,899 I AM THE DEPUTY CHIEF OPERATING OFFICER, WHEREAS DAVA IS THE 420 00:23:22,899 --> 00:23:25,230 DEPUTY CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER OF NASA. 421 00:23:25,230 --> 00:23:27,509 I'M THE DEPUTY CHIEF OPERATING OFFICER. 422 00:23:27,509 --> 00:23:31,809 REALLY THAT'S FOCUSED ON THE OPERATIONS ACROSS ALL OF NASA'S 423 00:23:31,809 --> 00:23:35,289 TEN CENTERS. 424 00:23:35,289 --> 00:23:40,269 I'VE BEEN FORTUNATE ENOUGH TO WORK AT FOUR OF NASA'S CENTERS 425 00:23:40,269 --> 00:23:42,220 IN MY CAREER. 426 00:23:42,220 --> 00:23:45,809 ONE OF THOSE BEING NASA LANGLEY WHERE I WAS THE CENTER DIRECTOR, 427 00:23:45,809 --> 00:23:49,420 THE VERY FIRST WOMAN CENTER DIRECTOR IN 100 YEARS. 428 00:23:49,420 --> 00:23:54,990 [†APPLAUSE†] >> I WAS ABLE TO DO THAT FOR 429 00:23:54,990 --> 00:23:55,990 NINE YEARS. 430 00:23:55,990 --> 00:23:57,419 IT WAS JUST A REALLY EXCITING TIME. 431 00:23:57,419 --> 00:24:01,440 ALSO, I HAVE BEEN VERY FORTUNATE AND WORKED AT JOHNSON SPACE 432 00:24:01,440 --> 00:24:03,960 CENTER ON AND THE KENNEDY SPACE CENTER WHERE I WORKED ON THE 433 00:24:03,960 --> 00:24:06,250 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION DELIVERING THE VERY FIRST 434 00:24:06,250 --> 00:24:10,960 RESEARCH TO THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION TO GET IT UP AND 435 00:24:10,960 --> 00:24:12,140 GOING. 436 00:24:12,140 --> 00:24:16,059 AND OVER BOTH OF THOSE CENTERS HAVE WORKED 38 SHUTTLE FLIGHTS. 437 00:24:16,059 --> 00:24:20,080 38 SHUTTLE MISSIONS IN VARIOUS†-- VARIOUS POSITIONS 438 00:24:20,080 --> 00:24:21,080 ALONG THE WAY. 439 00:24:21,080 --> 00:24:24,779 IT'S BEEN A VERY EXCITING CAREER AND BEING ABLE TO DO ALL OF 440 00:24:24,779 --> 00:24:25,830 THAT. 441 00:24:25,830 --> 00:24:31,470 I AM MOST PROUD OF MY THREE CHILDREN AND YOU GUYS BE SURE 442 00:24:31,470 --> 00:24:34,230 AND TELL THEM THAT. 443 00:24:34,230 --> 00:24:38,450 AND I ALSO AM AN ELECTRICAL ENGINEER AND THE VERY, VERY 444 00:24:38,450 --> 00:24:42,259 FIRST IN MY FAMILY TO GRADUATE FROM COLLEGE. 445 00:24:42,259 --> 00:24:45,980 SO I'M VERY PROUD OF THE BACKGROUND THAT I'VE HAD AND THE 446 00:24:45,980 --> 00:24:51,519 EXCITING TIME THAT I'VE HAD AT NASA. 447 00:24:51,519 --> 00:24:54,490 [†APPLAUSE†] >> I'M ELLEN. 448 00:24:54,490 --> 00:24:58,131 AS CHIEF SCIENTIST OF NASA I GET TO LOOK ACROSS ALL OF THE 449 00:24:58,131 --> 00:25:03,200 SCIENCE THAT WE DO AT NASA FROM STUDYING THE SUN TO STUDYING THE 450 00:25:03,200 --> 00:25:05,169 UNIVERSE, TO STUDY THAT WE DO OF THE PLANETS, OF OUR SOLAR 451 00:25:05,169 --> 00:25:08,799 SYSTEM, TO STUDYING OUR FAVORITE PLANET, WHICH IS THE EARTH. 452 00:25:08,799 --> 00:25:12,340 I HOPE YOU GUYS ALL AGREE THAT'S OUR FAVORITE PLANET. 453 00:25:12,340 --> 00:25:15,720 TO THE WORK THAT WE DO EVERY DAY UP ON THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE 454 00:25:15,720 --> 00:25:19,490 STATION TRYING TO UNDERSTAND IS THE EFFECTS OF MICROGRAVITY ON 455 00:25:19,490 --> 00:25:20,490 HUMANS. 456 00:25:20,490 --> 00:25:23,879 NOW THE CONNECTION ACROSS ALL THOSE DIFFERENT AREAS OF SCIENCE 457 00:25:23,879 --> 00:25:28,399 IS THE FACT THAT AT NASA, WE WANT TO SEND HUMANS TO MARS. 458 00:25:28,399 --> 00:25:32,700 NOT JUST ANY HUMANS, WE'RE GOING TO NEED SCIENTISTS, ENGINEERS, 459 00:25:32,700 --> 00:25:35,970 TO BE THOSE FIRST PEOPLE TO WALK ON THE SURFACE OF MARS. 460 00:25:35,970 --> 00:25:38,730 YOU GUYS ARE JUST ABOUT THE RIGHT AGE TO BECOME SOME OF OUR 461 00:25:38,730 --> 00:25:40,789 FIRST MARS ASTRONAUTS. 462 00:25:40,789 --> 00:25:42,870 SO YOU HAVE A LOT OF WORK TO GET READY. 463 00:25:42,870 --> 00:25:45,720 IN ABOUT 20 YEARS NASA WILL BE READY TO SEND YOU. 464 00:25:45,720 --> 00:25:48,480 I AM A PLANETARY GEOLOGIST. 465 00:25:48,480 --> 00:25:51,340 I STUDY VOLCANOES AROUND THE SOLAR SYSTEM, VOLCANOES HERE ON 466 00:25:51,340 --> 00:25:55,419 EARTH, ON VENUS, ON MARS, AND I ALSO STUDY THE SURFACE OF ONE OF 467 00:25:55,419 --> 00:25:59,570 SATURN'S MOONS CALLED TITAN WHERE IT ACTUALLY RAINS LIQUID 468 00:25:59,570 --> 00:26:00,570 METHANE. 469 00:26:00,570 --> 00:26:05,450 SORT OF LIKE LIQUID GASOLINE FALLS FROM THE SKY. 470 00:26:05,450 --> 00:26:08,259 PAN AMAZING PLACE. 471 00:26:08,259 --> 00:26:11,120 I GOT INTO IT BECAUSE I AM A NASA BRAT. 472 00:26:11,120 --> 00:26:13,639 MY FATHER WORKED FOR NASA, MY MOTHER WAS A SCIENCE TEACHER. 473 00:26:13,639 --> 00:26:14,929 THIS DIDN'T AFFECT MY SISTER. 474 00:26:14,929 --> 00:26:17,740 SHE BECAME AN ATTORNEY. 475 00:26:17,740 --> 00:26:24,519 I'VE ALWAYS LOVED SCIENCE, AND NO ONE EVER TOLD ME I COULDN'T. 476 00:26:24,519 --> 00:26:30,850 THAT'S AN IMPORTANT THING WE WANT TO TALK ABOUT HERE TODAY. 477 00:26:30,850 --> 00:26:33,010 [†APPLAUSE†] >> GOOD AFTERNOON. 478 00:26:33,010 --> 00:26:35,440 I'M HAPPY TO BE HERE. 479 00:26:35,440 --> 00:26:36,990 MY COLLEGE DEGREE IS IN PHYSICS. 480 00:26:36,990 --> 00:26:39,309 I HAVE A DOCTORATE IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING. 481 00:26:39,309 --> 00:26:43,450 THE FIRST THREE YEARS OF MY CAREER I WAS STUDYING ABOUT 482 00:26:43,450 --> 00:26:46,210 OPTICAL INFORMATION PROCESSING PAT A COUPLE OF DIFFERENT 483 00:26:46,210 --> 00:26:47,210 LABORATORIES. 484 00:26:47,210 --> 00:26:51,130 THEN I WAS FORTUNATE ENOUGH TO BE SELECTED FOR THE ASTRONAUT 485 00:26:51,130 --> 00:26:52,130 PROGRAM. 486 00:26:52,130 --> 00:26:54,940 SO THAT REALLY CHANGED MY LIFE AT THAT POINT. 487 00:26:54,940 --> 00:26:57,409 I SPENT A NUMBER OF YEARS IN THE ASTRONAUT OFFICE. 488 00:26:57,409 --> 00:27:01,220 HAD A CHANCE TO FLY ON FOUR SPACE SHUTTLE MISSIONS. 489 00:27:01,220 --> 00:27:04,129 MAY HAVE A CHANCE TO TALK ABOUT THAT A LITTLE BIT MORE AS WE GO 490 00:27:04,129 --> 00:27:06,500 THROUGH TODAY'S SESSION. 491 00:27:06,500 --> 00:27:09,769 AFTER MY FOUR FLIGHTS I ENDED UP GOING INTO MANAGEMENT AND 492 00:27:09,769 --> 00:27:13,129 LEADERSHIP POSITIONS AT JOHNSON SPACE CENTER. 493 00:27:13,129 --> 00:27:14,909 JOHNSON OF COURSE IS ONE OF THE NASA CENTERS. 494 00:27:14,909 --> 00:27:17,390 YOU CAN SEE THE WHOLE LIST OVER THERE JUST TO THE RIGHT OF THE 495 00:27:17,390 --> 00:27:19,210 PODIUM. 496 00:27:19,210 --> 00:27:23,129 JOHNSON'S REALLY INVOLVED IN HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT, IN PARTICULAR 497 00:27:23,129 --> 00:27:27,179 HUMAN SPACECRAFT ALL THE WAY FROM DESIGN TO OPERATION, AS 498 00:27:27,179 --> 00:27:31,519 WELL AS THE TRAINING AND PREPARATION OF THE ASTRONAUTS, 499 00:27:31,519 --> 00:27:34,570 OF ALL THE PEOPLE WHO WORK IN MISSION CONTROL AND REALLY 500 00:27:34,570 --> 00:27:35,570 CARRYING OUT THE OPERATION. 501 00:27:35,570 --> 00:27:38,410 SO A VERY EXCITING PLACE TO BE. 502 00:27:38,410 --> 00:27:41,800 AT ONE POINT I WAS LEADING†-- HEAD OF THE FLIGHT CREW 503 00:27:41,800 --> 00:27:45,179 OPERATIONS WHICH IS THE ORGANIZATION THAT MANAGES THE 504 00:27:45,179 --> 00:27:48,690 ASTRONAUT OFFICE AND OUR AIRCRAFT OFFICE DIVISION. 505 00:27:48,690 --> 00:27:52,880 AND NOW I'M ACTUALLY THE CENTER DIRECTOR THERE, REPRESENTING A 506 00:27:52,880 --> 00:27:56,830 GROUP OF INCREDIBLY TALENTED PEOPLE AS WE'RE DOING HUMAN 507 00:27:56,830 --> 00:27:58,450 SPACE FLIGHTS. 508 00:27:58,450 --> 00:28:01,159 [†APPLAUSE†] >> OKAY. 509 00:28:01,159 --> 00:28:03,879 THANK YOU. 510 00:28:03,879 --> 00:28:06,789 SO THE FIRST QUESTION FOR YOU LADIES, IF YOU CAN THINK BACK TO 511 00:28:06,789 --> 00:28:10,071 WHEN YOU WERE THEIR AGE, BACK IN HIGH SCHOOL, WHAT DID YOU LIKE 512 00:28:10,071 --> 00:28:13,510 TO DO BACK IN HIGH SCHOOL AND WHAT DID YOU ENVISION YOUR 513 00:28:13,510 --> 00:28:16,070 CAREER WOULD BE LIKE, AND HOW DOES THAT COMPARE TO WHERE YOU 514 00:28:16,070 --> 00:28:17,679 ACTUALLY ARE TODAY? 515 00:28:17,679 --> 00:28:19,179 >> I'LL START. 516 00:28:19,179 --> 00:28:24,669 AS I MENTIONED, BACK WHEN I WAS IN YOUR SHOES, I WAS AN 517 00:28:24,669 --> 00:28:26,039 EXPLORER. 518 00:28:26,039 --> 00:28:27,720 I WAS THE KID RUNNING UP IN THE MOUNTAINS. 519 00:28:27,720 --> 00:28:31,960 I ALWAYS WONDERED LITERALLY WHAT WAS OVER THE HORIZON OR ON TOP 520 00:28:31,960 --> 00:28:34,059 OF THE MOUNTAIN FROM WHERE I GREW UP. 521 00:28:34,059 --> 00:28:39,320 BUT JUST ENJOYING HIGH SCHOOL, THINKING ABOUT COLLEGE, BEING 522 00:28:39,320 --> 00:28:42,490 FROM HELENA, MONTANA, THAT'S THE CAPITAL BUT STILL FELT SMALL SO 523 00:28:42,490 --> 00:28:47,049 I WAS READY TO GO OUT TO COLLEGE AND LEAVE THE STATE AND EXPLORE 524 00:28:47,049 --> 00:28:48,080 THINGS. 525 00:28:48,080 --> 00:28:52,299 I THOUGHT INITIALLY WHEN I WAS A TEENAGER. 526 00:28:52,299 --> 00:28:53,669 I THOUGHT I'D BE A LAWYER. 527 00:28:53,669 --> 00:28:55,000 A SPORTS LAWYER. 528 00:28:55,000 --> 00:29:01,429 I WAS GOING TO REPRESENT KAREEM ABDUL-JABBAR. 529 00:29:01,429 --> 00:29:05,600 I WAS NEVER GOING TO BE 7'5" FEET TALL BUT I DID END UP AT 530 00:29:05,600 --> 00:29:08,690 NOTRE DAME AND PLAYED BASKETBALL FOR A FEW YEARS. 531 00:29:08,690 --> 00:29:13,549 I TOOK THE COURSES FRESHMAN YEAR, I STILL DIDN'T KNOW WHAT 532 00:29:13,549 --> 00:29:14,950 MY FINAL MAJOR WOULD BE. 533 00:29:14,950 --> 00:29:19,100 IT HAD TO DO WITH THE NATIONAL POLICIES AND POLITICS AND THINGS 534 00:29:19,100 --> 00:29:20,100 LIKE THAT. 535 00:29:20,100 --> 00:29:21,730 I SAID SPACE POLICY. 536 00:29:21,730 --> 00:29:24,690 I WAS SO KEEN ON EXPLORATION, I SAID WE NEED TO DO THIS FOR A 537 00:29:24,690 --> 00:29:27,040 PEACEFUL HUMAN PURPOSES. 538 00:29:27,040 --> 00:29:29,649 SO BY SOPHOMORE YEAR WHEN I CHOSE MY MAJOR OF AEROSPACE 539 00:29:29,649 --> 00:29:30,649 ENGINEERING. 540 00:29:30,649 --> 00:29:32,389 I DIDN'T KNOW WHAT AN ENGINEER AS WITH. 541 00:29:32,389 --> 00:29:35,389 REALLY DIDN'T KNOW ANY ENGINEERS. 542 00:29:35,389 --> 00:29:38,520 AGAIN WHEN I GOT THE CHANCE TO BE A FACULTY MEMBER AT M.I.T., I 543 00:29:38,520 --> 00:29:42,100 WROTE AN ENGINEERING BACK. 544 00:29:42,100 --> 00:29:48,990 I WISH MY 17, 18-YEAR-OLD SELF NEEDED TO KNOW WHAT THAT WAS. 545 00:29:48,990 --> 00:29:50,299 YOU DON'T HAVE TO ALL IT ALL PLANNED OUT. 546 00:29:50,299 --> 00:29:55,600 YOU CAN ZIG AND ZAG AND DO A LITTLE BIT OF THAT. 547 00:29:55,600 --> 00:30:00,610 >> BACK WHETHER I WAS YOUR AGE AND IN HIGH SCHOOL, I WAS AT 548 00:30:00,610 --> 00:30:01,710 GAINESVILLE, FLORIDA. 549 00:30:01,710 --> 00:30:05,590 BESIDES WATCHING THE GATORS PLAY FOOTBALL, THEY WERE BETTER BACK 550 00:30:05,590 --> 00:30:12,100 THEN, BUT I WAS PRETTY GOOD IN MATH AND SCIENCE AND I WASN'T 551 00:30:12,100 --> 00:30:13,919 REALLY SURE WHAT I WANTED TO DO. 552 00:30:13,919 --> 00:30:16,779 THERE WAS COMMUNITY COLLEGE HAD†-- OFFERED SOMETHING AT OUR 553 00:30:16,779 --> 00:30:20,080 HIGH SCHOOL WHERE YOU COULD PUT IN YOUR INTERESTS. 554 00:30:20,080 --> 00:30:24,020 I KNEW I LIKED TO TRAVEL AS WELL AND HAD SOME INTEREST†-- OUT 555 00:30:24,020 --> 00:30:27,330 POPPED ZOOLOGY AND ENGINEERING. 556 00:30:27,330 --> 00:30:31,159 SO WITH THAT†-- WHEN I LOOKED AT THE SALARIES OF THOSE TWO THINGS 557 00:30:31,159 --> 00:30:35,749 I DECIDED ENGINEERING WOULD BE A BETTER CHOICE. 558 00:30:35,749 --> 00:30:40,370 SO I DIDN'T HAVE ANY IDEA WHAT AN ENGINEER WAS BUT I APPLIED TO 559 00:30:40,370 --> 00:30:46,340 UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA, GOT IN, AND DISCOVERED ALONG THE WAY I 560 00:30:46,340 --> 00:30:48,590 STARTED TO REALIZE WHAT DIFFERENT KIND OF ENGINEERING 561 00:30:48,590 --> 00:30:49,590 WAS. 562 00:30:49,590 --> 00:30:53,549 I THOUGHT I WANTED TO BE AN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEER AND TOOK 563 00:30:53,549 --> 00:30:56,120 AN INTRO INTO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND DISCOVERED I DID 564 00:30:56,120 --> 00:30:58,559 NOT WANT TO BE AN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEER. 565 00:30:58,559 --> 00:31:00,890 BUT I WAS PRETTY GOOD AT ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND IT 566 00:31:00,890 --> 00:31:03,910 SEEMED THAT'S WHERE MY TALENTS LIE, AND THAT'S WHERE I ENDED 567 00:31:03,910 --> 00:31:07,730 UP, ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, AGAIN NOT NECESSARILY KNOWING 568 00:31:07,730 --> 00:31:08,899 WHAT THAT IS. 569 00:31:08,899 --> 00:31:12,340 AS DAVA EXPLAINED, I DON'T THINK YOU HAVE TO ALL IT ALL PLANNED 570 00:31:12,340 --> 00:31:17,400 OUT BUT I WAS ABLE TO GET INTO A CO-OP PROGRAM AT NASA. 571 00:31:17,400 --> 00:31:21,789 WORKED ONE SEMESTER AND GO BACK TO COLLEGE EVERY OTHER SEMESTER. 572 00:31:21,789 --> 00:31:27,110 AND IN THAT I DISCOVERED THIS IS WHAT ENGINEERS DO AND I LOVED 573 00:31:27,110 --> 00:31:28,110 IT. 574 00:31:28,110 --> 00:31:29,110 THERE WAS REALLY EXCITING THINGS GOING ON. 575 00:31:29,110 --> 00:31:31,340 I STARTED TO REALIZE IT WAS SOMETHING THAT I ACTUALLY COULD 576 00:31:31,340 --> 00:31:33,270 DO. 577 00:31:33,270 --> 00:31:41,000 SO IN ALL OF THAT, I WAS ABLE TO MAKE MY DESIRES AS AN EARLY HIGH 578 00:31:41,000 --> 00:31:43,831 SCHOOL STUDENT WHICH I REALLY WANTED†-- I COULD†-- THE THING I 579 00:31:43,831 --> 00:31:47,759 COULD VISUALIZE IS REALLY TRAVELING THE WORLD AND MAKING A 580 00:31:47,759 --> 00:31:48,759 DIFFERENCE. 581 00:31:48,759 --> 00:31:52,080 AND I TRULY THINK THAT HAVING THAT CAREER IN NASA HAS PAID OFF 582 00:31:52,080 --> 00:31:54,639 THAT I REALLY HAVE BEEN ABLE TO MAKE THE DIFFERENCE THAT I 583 00:31:54,639 --> 00:31:55,789 ALWAYS ENVISIONED. 584 00:31:55,789 --> 00:31:58,330 NOT ONLY KIND OF TRAVEL THE WORLD WITH THINGS I'VE DONE ON 585 00:31:58,330 --> 00:32:02,220 THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION, BUT TALK ABOUT WORKING ON THE 586 00:32:02,220 --> 00:32:03,280 WORLD. 587 00:32:03,280 --> 00:32:05,519 NASA CERTAINLY HAS THAT VANTAGE POINT. 588 00:32:05,519 --> 00:32:09,100 NOT ONLY THERE AND KIND OF OUR UNIVERSE AND BEYOND. 589 00:32:09,100 --> 00:32:12,210 SO I'VE HAD A TREMENDOUS CAREER IN BEING ABLE TO ACHIEVE THE 590 00:32:12,210 --> 00:32:15,729 VISION I HAD IN HIGH SCHOOL. 591 00:32:15,729 --> 00:32:17,369 >> WHEN I WAS A YOUNGER KID I WAS THE KID THAT WAS ALWAYS 592 00:32:17,369 --> 00:32:18,369 PICKING UP ROCKS. 593 00:32:18,369 --> 00:32:21,590 EVEN TODAY MY HUSBAND SAYS DO WE HAVE TO HAVE ROCKS IN EVERY ROOM 594 00:32:21,590 --> 00:32:22,730 OF THE HOUSE? 595 00:32:22,730 --> 00:32:25,809 AND THE ANSWER TO THAT IS ACTUALLY YES. 596 00:32:25,809 --> 00:32:29,869 AND I THINK AROUND LATE MIDDLE SCHOOL, EARLY HIGH SCHOOL WHERE 597 00:32:29,869 --> 00:32:32,840 I REALIZED THERE WAS THIS THING CALLED A GEOLOGIST WHERE PEOPLE 598 00:32:32,840 --> 00:32:34,580 GOT PAID FOR PICKING UP ROCKS. 599 00:32:34,580 --> 00:32:38,429 I THOUGHT, OKAY, SOUNDS LIKE A GREAT CAREER TO ME. 600 00:32:38,429 --> 00:32:43,940 AROUND THE SAME TIME, NASA LANDED THE TWO VIKING LANDERS ON 601 00:32:43,940 --> 00:32:46,860 THE SURFACE OF MARS AND I THOUGHT, GEOLOGY PLUS MARS? 602 00:32:46,860 --> 00:32:49,940 WHAT COULD BE BETTER THAN THAT. 603 00:32:49,940 --> 00:32:52,679 BUT I WILL SAY, IN HIGH SCHOOL I WAS MOSTLY KIND OF FOCUSED ON 604 00:32:52,679 --> 00:32:55,309 SKIING, FOCUSED ON DOING FUN THINGS. 605 00:32:55,309 --> 00:32:59,450 I THOUGHT MATH WAS A TRIAL BUT I KNEW I HAD TO WORK AT IT BECAUSE 606 00:32:59,450 --> 00:33:03,139 IF I WANTED TO BE A SCIENTIST, IF I WANTED TO BE A GEOLOGIST, I 607 00:33:03,139 --> 00:33:06,330 ACTUALLY KNEW THAT MATH WAS A TOOL THAT I HAD TO OVERCOME. 608 00:33:06,330 --> 00:33:08,039 SO I TOOK MATH CLASSES. 609 00:33:08,039 --> 00:33:09,659 I TRIED TO CHALLENGE MYSELF. 610 00:33:09,659 --> 00:33:12,629 I TOOK SOME COMPUTER PROGRAMMING CLASSES SO I WOULD LEARN HOW TO 611 00:33:12,629 --> 00:33:14,029 USE COMPUTERS. 612 00:33:14,029 --> 00:33:15,499 I DIDN'T LOVE IT. 613 00:33:15,499 --> 00:33:18,240 BUT I KNEW I NEEDED TO LEARN IT AND I ALWAYS LIKED SCIENCE 614 00:33:18,240 --> 00:33:20,769 CLASSES SO I KNEW I WAS GOING TO GO DOWN THAT PATH. 615 00:33:20,769 --> 00:33:24,230 BUT I THINK THE THING IS, JUST BECAUSE YOU THINK, I CAN'T BE A 616 00:33:24,230 --> 00:33:27,230 SCIENTIST IF I'M NOT GOOD AT MATH, OR I DON'T LOVE PHYSICS 617 00:33:27,230 --> 00:33:29,450 BECAUSE I CAN'T BE A SCIENTIST OR AN ENGINEER. 618 00:33:29,450 --> 00:33:32,029 BUT YOU JUST HAVE TO SAY, I'M GOING TO GET THROUGH THIS, I'M 619 00:33:32,029 --> 00:33:34,580 GOING TO STICK WITH MY GOAL, I'M GOING TO STICK WITH MY DREAM AND 620 00:33:34,580 --> 00:33:36,080 I'M GOING TO MAKE IT HAPPEN. 621 00:33:36,080 --> 00:33:37,100 >> THAT'S GREAT. 622 00:33:37,100 --> 00:33:38,120 THANK YOU. 623 00:33:38,120 --> 00:33:42,120 >> WELL, IN HIGH SCHOOL I HAD NO IDEA WHAT I WOULD WANT TO DO AS 624 00:33:42,120 --> 00:33:43,120 A CAREER. 625 00:33:43,120 --> 00:33:45,080 I WOULD SAY THE CLASSES I ENJOYED THE MOST WERE MY 626 00:33:45,080 --> 00:33:48,009 LITERATURE CLASSES AND ALSO MY MATH CLASSES. 627 00:33:48,009 --> 00:33:51,019 I DID GET A CHANCE TO TAKE SOME CALCULUS IN HIGH SCHOOL, 628 00:33:51,019 --> 00:33:54,450 ALTHOUGH WE DIDN'T HAVE ANY KIND OF ENGINEERING CLASSES THERE. 629 00:33:54,450 --> 00:33:56,769 THE BIG ACTIVITY I WAS IN WAS MUSIC. 630 00:33:56,769 --> 00:33:57,769 PLAYED THE FLUTE. 631 00:33:57,769 --> 00:33:59,649 I WAS IN THE CONCERT BAND, MARCHING BAND. 632 00:33:59,649 --> 00:34:03,769 I PLAYED IN THE CIVIC YOUTH ORCHESTRA IN SAN DIEGO AND 633 00:34:03,769 --> 00:34:05,980 THOUGHT ABOUT MAJORING IN MUSIC. 634 00:34:05,980 --> 00:34:09,490 BUT I REALLY KNEW KIND OF IN MY HEART OF HEARTS THAT WAS A 635 00:34:09,490 --> 00:34:13,260 REALLY HARD THING TO DO, TO ACTUALLY HAVE A CAREER IN. 636 00:34:13,260 --> 00:34:15,860 SO I CONTINUED TO PLAY ALL MY LIFE BUT DIDN'T ACTUALLY MAJOR 637 00:34:15,860 --> 00:34:16,860 IN IT. 638 00:34:16,860 --> 00:34:18,960 SO I WENT OFF TO SAN DIEGO STATE. 639 00:34:18,960 --> 00:34:21,780 AGAIN WAS THINKING ABOUT MUSIC, MAYBE BUSINESS. 640 00:34:21,780 --> 00:34:23,390 ENDED UP LOOKING INTO JOURNALISM. 641 00:34:23,390 --> 00:34:24,390 COMPUTER SCIENCE. 642 00:34:24,390 --> 00:34:27,050 I CHANGED MY MAJOR FIVE TIMES. 643 00:34:27,050 --> 00:34:31,780 SO IF YOU DON'T KNOW WHAT YOU WANT TO DO RIGHT NOW, YOU ARE IN 644 00:34:31,780 --> 00:34:33,330 GOOD COMPANY. 645 00:34:33,330 --> 00:34:36,130 BUT IT WAS REALLY THROUGH A COUPLE OF DIFFERENT THINGS THAT 646 00:34:36,130 --> 00:34:37,870 GOT ME INTERESTED IN PHYSICS. 647 00:34:37,870 --> 00:34:39,270 ONE WAS THROUGH MY MATH CLASSES. 648 00:34:39,270 --> 00:34:41,170 AS I MENTIONED, I HAD ALWAYS LIKED MATH. 649 00:34:41,170 --> 00:34:42,170 I TOOK IT. 650 00:34:42,170 --> 00:34:46,620 I ENDED UP FINISHING UP THE CALCULUS SERIES IN COLLEGE AND 651 00:34:46,620 --> 00:34:48,980 BY THE END OF IT REALIZED I WAS THE ONLY ONE IN THERE JUST 652 00:34:48,980 --> 00:34:50,590 TAKING IT FOR FUN. 653 00:34:50,590 --> 00:34:54,740 TALKED TO THE OTHER STUDENTS TO FIND OUT WHY THEY WERE IN THERE 654 00:34:54,740 --> 00:34:58,160 AND THEY WERE OF COURSE ALL IN ENGINEERING OR SCIENCE AND IT 655 00:34:58,160 --> 00:35:00,680 WAS PART OF WHAT THEY NEEDED TO DO. 656 00:35:00,680 --> 00:35:04,690 THAT'S ONE OF THE REASONS I STARTED TO LOOK INTO PHYSICS. 657 00:35:04,690 --> 00:35:08,390 THEN THERE WAS ALSO A CONFERENCE AT SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY 658 00:35:08,390 --> 00:35:12,320 WHERE I WAS IN SCHOOL WHERE THEY HAD SOME WOMEN 659 00:35:12,320 --> 00:35:15,040 SCIENTIST/ENGINEERS COME IN AND TALK ABOUT THEIR CAREERS. 660 00:35:15,040 --> 00:35:16,430 THAT'S REALLY IMPORTANT. 661 00:35:16,430 --> 00:35:19,990 LIKE YOU'VE KIND OF HEARD FROM THE REST OF THE PANEL, I REALLY 662 00:35:19,990 --> 00:35:21,810 HAD NO IDEA WHAT AN ENGINEER DID. 663 00:35:21,810 --> 00:35:25,400 I HAD NO CONCEPT, YOU GET UP IN THE MORNING, YOU GO TO WORK. 664 00:35:25,400 --> 00:35:28,201 WHAT IS IT YOU'RE ACTUALLY DOING IF YOU'RE AN ENGINEER? 665 00:35:28,201 --> 00:35:29,510 OR IF YOU'RE A PHYSICIST? 666 00:35:29,510 --> 00:35:33,500 IT WAS REALLY NICE TO HEAR FROM THESE OTHER WOMEN WHAT THAT WAS 667 00:35:33,500 --> 00:35:34,500 LIKE. 668 00:35:34,500 --> 00:35:36,860 IT WAS REALLY THE COMBINATION OF THOSE THINGS THAT GOT ME 669 00:35:36,860 --> 00:35:38,910 INTERESTED IN PHYSICS. 670 00:35:38,910 --> 00:35:41,700 THEN I HAD A CHANCE TO HAVE A COUPLE OF SUMMER JOBS WHERE I 671 00:35:41,700 --> 00:35:44,800 WORKED IN LABORATORIES AND SO THAT HELPED CONVINCE ME THAT I 672 00:35:44,800 --> 00:35:46,710 WANTED TO GO TO GRADUATE SCHOOL. 673 00:35:46,710 --> 00:35:49,220 BECAUSE THE PEOPLE WHO ARE REALLY LEADING THE RESEARCH IN 674 00:35:49,220 --> 00:35:52,270 THE LABORATORIES ARE THE ONES THAT HAVE THE ADVANCED DEGREES. 675 00:35:52,270 --> 00:35:57,190 SO WENT OFF TO STANFORD AND GOT A MASTERS AND A Ph.D. 676 00:35:57,190 --> 00:35:59,870 AND THE FIRST YEAR I WAS AT STANFORD WAS THE YEAR THE SPACE 677 00:35:59,870 --> 00:36:01,700 SHUTTLE FLEW FOR THE FIRST TIME. 678 00:36:01,700 --> 00:36:06,970 SO THAT WAS THE FIRST NEW SPACECRAFT IN A DECADE AT NASA, 679 00:36:06,970 --> 00:36:09,200 SO IT WAS REALLY BIG NEWS. 680 00:36:09,200 --> 00:36:12,200 AND OF COURSE, ALSO, JUST THREE YEARS BEFORE THAT, THERE HAD 681 00:36:12,200 --> 00:36:14,250 BEEN AN ASTRONAUT SELECTION. 682 00:36:14,250 --> 00:36:16,560 THAT WAS WHEN THE FIRST WOMEN AND THE FIRST MINORITY 683 00:36:16,560 --> 00:36:18,280 ASTRONAUTS WERE SELECTED. 684 00:36:18,280 --> 00:36:21,420 SO THAT WAS ANOTHER REALLY BIG DEAL. 685 00:36:21,420 --> 00:36:24,620 AND A COUPLE YEARS AFTER THE SHUTTLE FLEW FOR THE FIRST TIME, 686 00:36:24,620 --> 00:36:27,980 NASA WAS DOING ANOTHER ASTRONAUT SELECTION AND SOME OF THE OTHER 687 00:36:27,980 --> 00:36:30,610 GRADUATE STUDENTS I KNEW WERE APPLYING. 688 00:36:30,610 --> 00:36:34,180 THAT'S REALLY WHEN I STARTED TO THINK, WOW! 689 00:36:34,180 --> 00:36:37,700 WHAT A FANTASTIC CAREER THAT WOULD BE AND GOT THE INFORMATION 690 00:36:37,700 --> 00:36:41,860 FROM NASA AND MADE THE DECISION THAT AS SOON AS I FINISHED UP MY 691 00:36:41,860 --> 00:36:43,990 DOCTORATE, I WOULD APPLY TO THE ASTRONAUT PROGRAM. 692 00:36:43,990 --> 00:36:44,990 >> GREAT. 693 00:36:44,990 --> 00:36:46,540 THANK YOU ALL VERY MUCH. 694 00:36:46,540 --> 00:36:47,810 GREAT ANSWERS THERE. 695 00:36:47,810 --> 00:36:50,410 SO, ALL OF YOU CAN KIND OF SEE FROM THE ANSWERS THAT THEY'VE 696 00:36:50,410 --> 00:36:53,590 PROVIDED HERE, NOT ANYBODY SITTING UP ON THIS STAGE 697 00:36:53,590 --> 00:36:56,490 PROBABLY KNEW WHEN THEY WERE YOUR AGE THAT THEY WERE GOING TO 698 00:36:56,490 --> 00:36:58,760 END UP IN THESE POSITIONS UP HERE ON THIS STAGE. 699 00:36:58,760 --> 00:37:01,400 SO THAT LETS YOU KNOW THAT THERE IS DEFINITELY TIME FOR YOU TO 700 00:37:01,400 --> 00:37:03,090 CONSIDER WHAT IT IS YOU WANT TO DO. 701 00:37:03,090 --> 00:37:06,130 BUT EACH OF THEM ALSO TALKED ABOUT EXPOSING YOURSELVES, 702 00:37:06,130 --> 00:37:09,590 GIVING YOURSELVES OPPORTUNITY FOR WORKING IN THE SUMMER TIMES 703 00:37:09,590 --> 00:37:12,560 AND JUST EXPOSING YOURSELF TO THINGS IN THE S.T.E.M. 704 00:37:12,560 --> 00:37:13,810 CAREER, BECAUSE THAT IS KIND OF WHAT 705 00:37:13,810 --> 00:37:16,670 HOOKS YOU, WHEN YOU'RE ACTUALLY THERE PHYSICALLY DOING IT AND 706 00:37:16,670 --> 00:37:19,970 YOU GET A CHANCE TO SEE HOW FUN IT IS, HOW CLOSE AND PERSONAL, 707 00:37:19,970 --> 00:37:22,070 IT IS SOMETHING YOU NEVER WANT TO LET GO OF. 708 00:37:22,070 --> 00:37:25,460 NOW JUST A REMINDER FOR THOSE PEOPLE ON NASA-TV, YOU ARE 709 00:37:25,460 --> 00:37:28,850 WATCHING THE NASA WOMEN AND ACTION EVENT LIVE FROM GODDARD 710 00:37:28,850 --> 00:37:31,110 SPACEFLIGHT CENTER HERE IN GREENBELT, MARYLAND. 711 00:37:31,110 --> 00:37:33,710 WE CERTAINLY WANT YOU TO PARTICIPATE ALONG WITH US, SO IF 712 00:37:33,710 --> 00:37:38,800 YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS, PLEASE SEND THEM TO #WOMENATNASA†-- NO, 713 00:37:38,800 --> 00:37:41,380 I'M SORRY. 714 00:37:41,380 --> 00:37:42,670 #ASKNASAWOMEN. 715 00:37:42,670 --> 00:37:43,970 OKAY. 716 00:37:43,970 --> 00:37:45,890 LET'S GET SOME QUESTIONS FROM OUR STUDENTS. 717 00:37:45,890 --> 00:37:48,360 OUR FIRST QUESTION. 718 00:37:48,360 --> 00:37:49,360 >> HI. 719 00:37:49,360 --> 00:37:50,750 MY NAME IS TIFFANY JACKSON. 720 00:37:50,750 --> 00:37:52,970 I'M A SENIOR. 721 00:37:52,970 --> 00:37:57,390 MY QUESTION IS, WHAT QUALITIES THINK PUT YOU ABOVE OTHERS FOR 722 00:37:57,390 --> 00:38:01,480 YOUR POSITION IN LEADERSHIP? 723 00:38:01,480 --> 00:38:06,580 >> SENSE OF HUMOR. 724 00:38:06,580 --> 00:38:08,270 >> TEAMWORK. 725 00:38:08,270 --> 00:38:11,000 >> TEAMWORK SOMEBODY DEFINITELY ONE. 726 00:38:11,000 --> 00:38:12,000 TEAMWORK. 727 00:38:12,000 --> 00:38:13,000 >> YEAH. 728 00:38:13,000 --> 00:38:14,690 AND LISTENING. 729 00:38:14,690 --> 00:38:17,000 CONSENSUS BUILDING. 730 00:38:17,000 --> 00:38:18,950 >> I THINK IT PARTLY STARTS WITH YOUR EDUCATION. 731 00:38:18,950 --> 00:38:21,480 I THINK THAT WAS IMPORTANT TO ALL OF US IN GETTING THE 732 00:38:21,480 --> 00:38:24,240 POSITION THAT WE ARE. 733 00:38:24,240 --> 00:38:26,720 PART OF YOUR EARLY CAREER IS SORT OF BUILDING THAT 734 00:38:26,720 --> 00:38:29,110 CREDIBILITY, SHOWING THAT YOU CAN APPLY WHAT YOU LEARNED IN 735 00:38:29,110 --> 00:38:34,190 SCHOOL TO THE PROBLEM SOLVING THAT IS SO MUCH A PART OF WHAT 736 00:38:34,190 --> 00:38:37,130 WE DO AT NASA AND WHAT IS DONE IN OTHER S.T.E.M. 737 00:38:37,130 --> 00:38:38,130 CAREERS. 738 00:38:38,130 --> 00:38:40,530 THEN I WOULD ADD WHAT EVERYBODY ELSE SAID AS WELL. 739 00:38:40,530 --> 00:38:46,100 >> TAKE OPPORTUNITIES TO JUST SEND A MESSAGE TO Y'ALL, YOU 740 00:38:46,100 --> 00:38:48,940 DON'T HAVE TO BE THE BEST IN MATH AND SCIENCE. 741 00:38:48,940 --> 00:38:51,362 THAT'S MAYBE WHAT PEOPLE THAT I HEARD. 742 00:38:51,362 --> 00:38:53,790 THAT TENDS TO WEED PEOPLE OUT OF THE S.T.E.M. 743 00:38:53,790 --> 00:38:54,790 FIELD. 744 00:38:54,790 --> 00:38:58,980 THEY'RE IMPORTANT SO YOU NEED TO TAKE THOSE AS TOOLS, BUT DON'T 745 00:38:58,980 --> 00:39:00,810 WORRY ABOUT BEING NUMBER ONE AND TWO. 746 00:39:00,810 --> 00:39:02,290 IT'S TRAINING, SKILL DEVELOPMENT. 747 00:39:02,290 --> 00:39:06,611 BUT AGAIN, YOU CAN LOVE THE ARTS, DESIGN, MAKE THINGS, HELP 748 00:39:06,611 --> 00:39:07,611 PEOPLE IN HUMANKIND. 749 00:39:07,611 --> 00:39:10,500 THAT'S WHAT DOCTORS, ENGINEERS, SCIENTISTS, THAT'S WHAT WE ALL 750 00:39:10,500 --> 00:39:11,500 DO. 751 00:39:11,500 --> 00:39:12,740 SO THAT SHOULD BE THE PASSION. 752 00:39:12,740 --> 00:39:13,740 GO WITH THAT. 753 00:39:13,740 --> 00:39:14,740 BE PROFICIENT. 754 00:39:14,740 --> 00:39:18,110 DON'T WORRY ABOUT BEING THE BEST. 755 00:39:18,110 --> 00:39:19,410 I THINK YOU'LL GET THAT. 756 00:39:19,410 --> 00:39:21,290 I WANT TO PASS THAT ON. 757 00:39:21,290 --> 00:39:24,840 WE WANT TO CHANGE THE CONVERSATION WITH YOU. 758 00:39:24,840 --> 00:39:25,840 YOU'RE ALL IN. 759 00:39:25,840 --> 00:39:28,150 YOU'RE ALL SUPER TALENTED, YOU'RE HERE AND WE NEED EVERY 760 00:39:28,150 --> 00:39:29,600 SINGLE ONE OF YOU. 761 00:39:29,600 --> 00:39:31,540 >> THANK YOU FOR YOUR QUESTIONS. 762 00:39:31,540 --> 00:39:33,450 APPRECIATE THAT. 763 00:39:33,450 --> 00:39:39,490 >> OUR NEXT QUESTION. 764 00:39:39,490 --> 00:39:42,311 >> MY QUESTION IS, HOW WOULD YOU ADJUST TO WORKING IN A 765 00:39:42,311 --> 00:39:45,310 MALE-DOMINATED CAREER FIELD AND HAVE YOU EVER HAD TO CONFORM 766 00:39:45,310 --> 00:39:49,060 YOUR PERSONALITY OR IDEAS WHILE WORKING IN THIS FIELD? 767 00:39:49,060 --> 00:39:50,290 >> WOW. 768 00:39:50,290 --> 00:39:52,750 GOOD QUESTION. 769 00:39:52,750 --> 00:39:56,370 >> I THINK WE SHOULD ALL COMMENT ON THAT. 770 00:39:56,370 --> 00:40:02,270 I WAS DEFINITELY IN MALE DOMINATED AEROSPACE ALL MY LIFE. 771 00:40:02,270 --> 00:40:06,550 I WAS 1 OF 2 WOMEN IN AEROSPACE ENGINEERING FOR UNDERGRADUATE. 772 00:40:06,550 --> 00:40:10,580 THEN IT GOT A LITTLE BIT BETTER IN GRADUATE SCHOOL BUT I WAS THE 773 00:40:10,580 --> 00:40:17,830 FIRST WOMAN FACULTY MEMBER, 1 OF 35. 774 00:40:17,830 --> 00:40:20,230 I LIKE MEN. 775 00:40:20,230 --> 00:40:21,320 THAT'S GOOD. 776 00:40:21,320 --> 00:40:23,060 LIKE WORKING WITH EVERYBODY. 777 00:40:23,060 --> 00:40:24,330 BUT IT'S VERY NOTICEABLE. 778 00:40:24,330 --> 00:40:25,330 I HAVE TO SAY. 779 00:40:25,330 --> 00:40:36,360 NOW OVER MY CAREER, WHEN I†-- I DISTINCTLY REMEMBER THE DAY I 780 00:40:36,360 --> 00:40:40,320 HAD A MAJORITY OF WOMEN IN MY GRADUATE COURSE, MAJORITY OF 781 00:40:40,320 --> 00:40:41,780 WOMEN THAN MEN. 782 00:40:41,780 --> 00:40:42,780 WOW. 783 00:40:42,780 --> 00:40:49,380 SO THIS ALSO TAUGHT ME A LOT. 784 00:40:49,380 --> 00:40:50,380 DON'T CHANGE YOURSELF. 785 00:40:50,380 --> 00:40:51,380 YOU KNOW? 786 00:40:51,380 --> 00:40:55,810 YOU GOT TO BE TRUE TO YOURSELF AND DON'T LET ANYONE CHANGE YOU. 787 00:40:55,810 --> 00:40:57,480 THAT SERVED ME WELL. 788 00:40:57,480 --> 00:41:02,080 YOU DON'T NEED TO BE LIKE THEM. 789 00:41:02,080 --> 00:41:04,840 SOMETIMES I CRY AT WORK. 790 00:41:04,840 --> 00:41:06,600 SOME OTHER†-- SOME PEOPLE WOULD GET IN A FIGHT AND THAT WOULD 791 00:41:06,600 --> 00:41:07,600 HURT MY FEELINGS. 792 00:41:07,600 --> 00:41:09,090 THEY WEREN'T EVEN TALKING TO ME. 793 00:41:09,090 --> 00:41:10,830 I'M CRYING. 794 00:41:10,830 --> 00:41:12,580 OH, GOODNESS? 795 00:41:12,580 --> 00:41:16,069 YOU KNOW, THAT'S OKAY. 796 00:41:16,069 --> 00:41:22,770 >> I THINK FOR ME, MINE HAS BEEN THAT I DON'T REALLY NOTICE I'M A 797 00:41:22,770 --> 00:41:23,860 WOMAN IN THE ROOM. 798 00:41:23,860 --> 00:41:25,810 I'M A PERSON ON THE TEAM. 799 00:41:25,810 --> 00:41:28,760 AND BECAUSE I MEAN FROM ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING IN 800 00:41:28,760 --> 00:41:33,050 COLLEGE, I WAS THE ONLY†-- MOST OF THE TIMES THE ONLY WOMAN IN 801 00:41:33,050 --> 00:41:36,350 THE ROOM OR 1 OF 2 MAYBE PERHAPS. 802 00:41:36,350 --> 00:41:41,020 BUT I MIGHT†-- IT'S MORE IN HINDSIGHT THAT I REMEMBER THAT. 803 00:41:41,020 --> 00:41:44,070 WHEN I WAS IN THE ROOM, IT MIGHT BE JUST A REAL QUICK THOUGHT BUT 804 00:41:44,070 --> 00:41:48,790 I DIDN'T REALLY EVEN†-- IT DIDN'T FAZE ME IN ANY WAY. 805 00:41:48,790 --> 00:41:51,730 AND THEN WITHIN NASA, I'VE ALWAYS BEEN ONE ON THE TEAM. 806 00:41:51,730 --> 00:41:54,950 I'VE BEEN ONE OF THE PEOPLE ON THE TEAM GETTING THE JOB DONE. 807 00:41:54,950 --> 00:41:58,510 AND SO I'VE NEVER REALLY THOUGHT ABOUT OUR TEAM AS MEN AND WOMEN 808 00:41:58,510 --> 00:42:02,140 OR DIFFERENT COLORS OF PEOPLE OR ANYTHING ELSE. 809 00:42:02,140 --> 00:42:03,140 RIGHT? 810 00:42:03,140 --> 00:42:07,170 IT WAS JUST WE ALL HAVE A JOB TO DO AND WE NEED ALL OF US. 811 00:42:07,170 --> 00:42:08,900 WE DO REALLY HARD THINGS IN NASA. 812 00:42:08,900 --> 00:42:11,760 REALLY AMAZING THINGS, THINGS THAT NOBODY ELSE DOES. 813 00:42:11,760 --> 00:42:14,940 AND SO WE REALLY NEED THAT TEAM ALL COMING TOGETHER AND MAKING 814 00:42:14,940 --> 00:42:15,940 IT HAPPEN. 815 00:42:15,940 --> 00:42:20,120 SO I THINK THAT'S FOR ME HOW I†-- IT'S BEEN REALLY GOOD FOR 816 00:42:20,120 --> 00:42:25,310 ME AND I DIDN'T NECESSARILY†-- I KNOW SOME PEOPLE NEED TO SEE 817 00:42:25,310 --> 00:42:29,620 THAT THERE IS A WOMAN IN THE ROLE BEFORE YOU FEEL CONFIDENT 818 00:42:29,620 --> 00:42:30,620 IN BEING THERE PERHAPS. 819 00:42:30,620 --> 00:42:31,950 I MEAN I'VE LEARNED THAT ALONG THE WAY. 820 00:42:31,950 --> 00:42:32,950 I NEVER DID. 821 00:42:32,950 --> 00:42:34,500 I NEVER THOUGHT ABOUT IT THAT WAY. 822 00:42:34,500 --> 00:42:40,510 IT JUST WAS†-- SO I THINK FOR ME IT REALLY HASN'T BEEN A BARRIER 823 00:42:40,510 --> 00:42:41,510 OR ANYTHING. 824 00:42:41,510 --> 00:42:46,070 BUT I THINK AS ELLEN SAID†-- I MEAN DAVA SAID, BE YOURSELF AND 825 00:42:46,070 --> 00:42:49,560 I THINK THAT'S WHAT'S MOST IMPORTANT. 826 00:42:49,560 --> 00:42:52,110 >> SOMETIMES ESPECIALLY EARLY IN MY CAREER, I WOULD BE FEELING 827 00:42:52,110 --> 00:42:56,120 LIKE I WAS ONE OF THE TEAM AND JUST LIKE EVERYBODY ELSE. 828 00:42:56,120 --> 00:42:58,400 AND ONE OF THE MEN WOULD MAKE A COMMENT THAT WOULD MAKE ME STOP 829 00:42:58,400 --> 00:43:01,720 AND THINK, OH, YEAH, THE REST OF THE PEOPLE IN THIS ROOM DON'T 830 00:43:01,720 --> 00:43:02,720 LOOK LIKE ME. 831 00:43:02,720 --> 00:43:06,100 THEY WOULD MAKE ME FEEL, OH, YEAH, YOU'RE A GIRL. 832 00:43:06,100 --> 00:43:08,340 SO A LOT OF THE TIMES, ESPECIALLY EARLY IN MY CAREER 833 00:43:08,340 --> 00:43:10,320 WHEN I WASN'T VERY SELF-CONFIDENT, I WOULD FEEL 834 00:43:10,320 --> 00:43:14,920 LIKE I HAD TO WORK TWICE AS HARD JUST TO BE TAKEN HALF AS 835 00:43:14,920 --> 00:43:15,920 SERIOUSLY. 836 00:43:15,920 --> 00:43:19,300 BUT AS I GOT MORE CONFIDENT, AS I WENT ON IN MY CAREER AND 837 00:43:19,300 --> 00:43:23,500 REALIZE THEY ACTUALLY NEED ME HERE IN THE ROOM, AND I NOW LOOK 838 00:43:23,500 --> 00:43:27,920 BACK AT PEOPLE LIKE KATHERINE JOHNSON WHO, AN PROGRAM WOMAN IN 839 00:43:27,920 --> 00:43:30,280 THE EARLY 1960s. 840 00:43:30,280 --> 00:43:32,520 A LOT OF THE TIME SHE WAS NOT MADE TO FEEL WELCOME IN THE 841 00:43:32,520 --> 00:43:33,520 ROOM. 842 00:43:33,520 --> 00:43:34,520 PEOPLE INTERVIEWED HER. 843 00:43:34,520 --> 00:43:38,580 SHE SAID, I KNEW I BELONGED THERE. 844 00:43:38,580 --> 00:43:41,820 SO NOW ESPECIALLY WHEN I GET A CHANCE TO TALK TO KIDS LIKE YOU, 845 00:43:41,820 --> 00:43:44,860 I SAW CHANNEL YOUR INNER KATHERINE JOHNSON. 846 00:43:44,860 --> 00:43:48,750 IF ANYBODY EVER MAKES YOU FEEL LIKE YOU DON'T BELONG IN THAT 847 00:43:48,750 --> 00:43:52,600 ROOM, REMEMBER HER AND SAY, I'M GOING TO BE LIKE KATHERINE 848 00:43:52,600 --> 00:43:56,690 JOHNSON AND I'M GOING TO FEEL LIKE I BELONG BECAUSE I DO AND 849 00:43:56,690 --> 00:44:00,060 THEY ACTUALLY NEED ME HERE TO GET THIS WORK DONE. 850 00:44:00,060 --> 00:44:03,300 >> YEAH, I WOULD SAY IT'S CHANGED A LOT THROUGHOUT MY 851 00:44:03,300 --> 00:44:04,300 CAREER. 852 00:44:04,300 --> 00:44:05,510 IT WAS HARDER WHEN I WAS YOUNG. 853 00:44:05,510 --> 00:44:07,930 I WOULD SAY WHEN I WAS IN COLLEGE AND GRADUATE SCHOOL AND 854 00:44:07,930 --> 00:44:12,720 EARLY ON IN MY CAREER, I WAS OFTEN THE ONLY WOMAN IN A CLASS 855 00:44:12,720 --> 00:44:14,660 OR 1 OF 2 AND I FELT SELF-CONSCIOUS. 856 00:44:14,660 --> 00:44:17,530 I FELT LIKE I STOOD OUT. 857 00:44:17,530 --> 00:44:20,840 IT MADE ME A LITTLE BIT RELUCTANT TO RACE MY HAND AND 858 00:44:20,840 --> 00:44:24,200 ASK QUESTIONS OR TO MAKE A COMMENT. 859 00:44:24,200 --> 00:44:26,840 ONE OF THE THINGS I DIDN'T GET AROUND TO WHEN I WAS IN SCHOOL, 860 00:44:26,840 --> 00:44:29,800 ALL PROFESSORS HAVE OFFICE HOURS WHEN YOU'RE IN COLLEGE. 861 00:44:29,800 --> 00:44:33,440 IF I HAD A QUESTION I WOULD GO SEE A PROFESSOR. 862 00:44:33,440 --> 00:44:38,240 TURNS OUT PROFESSORS LOVE IT WHEN STUDENTS COME TALK TO THEM! 863 00:44:38,240 --> 00:44:40,710 PEOPLE SOMETIMES HAVE IN IDEA OF LIKE, ONLY PEOPLE WHO ARE 864 00:44:40,710 --> 00:44:44,391 STRUGGLING GO AND THEY'LL THINK SOMETHING†-- BUT ACTUALLY IF YOU 865 00:44:44,391 --> 00:44:47,460 TALK TO ANY PROFESSOR, THEY ACTUALLY LOVE IT WHEN PEOPLE 866 00:44:47,460 --> 00:44:51,130 COME AND TALK TO THEM BECAUSE IT SAYS YOU'RE REALLY INTERESTED IN 867 00:44:51,130 --> 00:44:53,230 WHAT THEY'RE TRYING TO TEACH AND YOU'RE TRYING TO GET THE MOST 868 00:44:53,230 --> 00:44:54,970 OUT OF THAT CLASS. 869 00:44:54,970 --> 00:44:56,150 THAT WAS ONE THING THAT HELPED. 870 00:44:56,150 --> 00:45:00,770 ONCE I STARTED WORKING, ONE OF THE PIECES OF ADVICE THAT A 871 00:45:00,770 --> 00:45:04,240 COUPLE OF MY EARLIER SUPERVISORS TOLD ME IS, YOU HAVE TO SPEAK UP 872 00:45:04,240 --> 00:45:05,680 WHEN YOU'RE MEETING. 873 00:45:05,680 --> 00:45:07,260 THAT WAS HARD FOR ME. 874 00:45:07,260 --> 00:45:08,930 I DON'T THINK IT WAS SO MUCH THAT I WAS A WOMAN. 875 00:45:08,930 --> 00:45:11,560 I WAS JUST NATURALLY A QUIET PERSON. 876 00:45:11,560 --> 00:45:14,860 DIDN'T NORMALLY RAISE MY HAND AND TALK. 877 00:45:14,860 --> 00:45:17,790 SO THAT WAS SOMETHING THAT I KIND OF NEEDED TO FORCE MYSELF 878 00:45:17,790 --> 00:45:21,070 TO DO A LITTLE BIT EARLIER IN MY CAREER. 879 00:45:21,070 --> 00:45:24,430 IT IS ACTUALLY GOTTEN LOTS AND LOTS EASIER AS I'VE GONE THROUGH 880 00:45:24,430 --> 00:45:25,510 MY CAREER. 881 00:45:25,510 --> 00:45:28,080 THAT'S ANOTHER THING THAT I WOULD TELL YOU, THAT IF YOU DO 882 00:45:28,080 --> 00:45:30,670 FEEL THAT WAY AT THE BEGINNING, IT IS NOT ALWAYS GOING TO FEEL 883 00:45:30,670 --> 00:45:32,490 THAT WAY. 884 00:45:32,490 --> 00:45:38,030 AND NOW I REALLY DON'T THINK ABOUT IT AT ALL. 885 00:45:38,030 --> 00:45:42,560 I'M A MEMBER OF THE TEAM AND IT IS NOT SOMETHING THAT IS REALLY 886 00:45:42,560 --> 00:45:47,140 PART OF WHAT I THINK ABOUT DAY TO DAY AT WORK. 887 00:45:47,140 --> 00:45:48,310 >> THANK YOU ALL VERY MUCH. 888 00:45:48,310 --> 00:45:49,860 THAT WAS WONDERFUL. 889 00:45:49,860 --> 00:45:50,860 WONDERFUL. 890 00:45:50,860 --> 00:45:52,350 [†APPLAUSE†] >> NOW WE'RE GOING TO GO TO 891 00:45:52,350 --> 00:45:55,720 SOCIAL MEDIA AND ASK QUESTIONS FROM SOCIAL MEDIA. 892 00:45:55,720 --> 00:46:03,110 >> SO WE'VE BEEN WATCHING THE ASK WOMEN HASHTAG. 893 00:46:03,110 --> 00:46:09,010 KATHY FLYNN WANTS TO KNOW WHAT'S YOUR FAVORITE INVENTION? 894 00:46:09,010 --> 00:46:15,290 FROM EACH PANELIST. 895 00:46:15,290 --> 00:46:18,990 >> YOU KNOW, ONE OF MY FAVORITE NASA INVENTIONS IS TWO 896 00:46:18,990 --> 00:46:22,740 PROFESSORS AT M.I.T., ONE OF WHOM IS AT NASA NOW THEY HAD THE 897 00:46:22,740 --> 00:46:23,860 STUDENTS FROM M.I.T. 898 00:46:23,860 --> 00:46:26,070 MUCH WITH A THE "STAR WARS" VIDEO WHERE LUKE 899 00:46:26,070 --> 00:46:31,970 SKYWALKER IS TRAINING WITH THAT LITTLE BALL AND LIGHT SABER. 900 00:46:31,970 --> 00:46:35,900 THERE WAS A LITTLE BALL THAT WAS FLOATING AROUND THAT HE WAS 901 00:46:35,900 --> 00:46:36,900 PRACTICING WITH. 902 00:46:36,900 --> 00:46:40,930 HE TOLD THE STUDENTS I WANT YOU TO INVENT ONE OF THOSE. 903 00:46:40,930 --> 00:46:42,650 IT'S CALLED SPHERES. 904 00:46:42,650 --> 00:46:43,650 IF YOU GOOGLE IT. 905 00:46:43,650 --> 00:46:45,190 IT IS LIVE UP ON THE SPACE STATION. 906 00:46:45,190 --> 00:46:51,640 STUDENTS GET TO OPERATE IT AND WE'RE EVEN USING IT TO SAY HOW 907 00:46:51,640 --> 00:46:55,010 CAN WE USE LITTLE ROBOTS LIKE THAT TO ACTUALLY DO WORK UP ON 908 00:46:55,010 --> 00:46:56,010 THE SPACE STATION. 909 00:46:56,010 --> 00:46:59,920 DAVA TALKED EARLIER ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE OF ARTS. 910 00:46:59,920 --> 00:47:01,580 THAT'S WHY IT IS SO CRITICAL. 911 00:47:01,580 --> 00:47:04,960 YOU HAVE TO IMAGINE SOMETHING BEFORE YOU INVENT IT. 912 00:47:04,960 --> 00:47:08,410 WHETHER WE GET OUR IDEAS FROM SCIENCE FICTION OR FROM 913 00:47:08,410 --> 00:47:12,830 INNOVATIVE FUTURE ENGINEER LIKE ONE OF YOU, IT IS THOSE GREAT 914 00:47:12,830 --> 00:47:17,010 IDEAS THAT TURN INTO INVENTIONS AND THAT'S WHAT'S SO IMPORTANT. 915 00:47:17,010 --> 00:47:21,050 >> I DON'T HAVE A FAVORITE PAST ONE BUT A FAVORITE FUTURE ONE 916 00:47:21,050 --> 00:47:26,980 WOULD BE TELEPORTING. 917 00:47:26,980 --> 00:47:33,870 I SENT MY CHILDREN A TEXT AND I MEANT TO SAY TELEWORKING AND IT 918 00:47:33,870 --> 00:47:37,250 SAID TELEPORTING. 919 00:47:37,250 --> 00:47:44,760 >> I DON'T HAVE A FAVORITE. 920 00:47:44,760 --> 00:47:49,571 ONE OF THE ANCILLARY JOBS THAT I HAVE IS I'M ON THE NOMINATION 921 00:47:49,571 --> 00:47:53,410 EVALUATION COMMITTEE FOR THE NATIONAL MEDAL OF TECHNOLOGY AND 922 00:47:53,410 --> 00:47:54,410 INNOVATION. 923 00:47:54,410 --> 00:47:57,100 SO OUR COMMITTEE MAKES RECOMMENDATIONS FIRST TO THE 924 00:47:57,100 --> 00:48:00,140 SECRETARY OF COMMERCE, AND THEN TO THE PRESIDENT. 925 00:48:00,140 --> 00:48:03,930 AND ONE OF THE CRITERIA IS THAT IT NEEDS TO HAVE MADE A MAJOR 926 00:48:03,930 --> 00:48:07,140 IMPACT ON SOCIETY. 927 00:48:07,140 --> 00:48:10,400 AND SO A LOT OF THE NOMINATIONS THAT WE GET ARE FROM WORK THAT 928 00:48:10,400 --> 00:48:14,550 WE'VE DONE 30 YEARS AGO BECAUSE OF THE FACT THAT THAT WORK†-- 929 00:48:14,550 --> 00:48:20,300 THAT INVENTIONS HAVE NOW SEEPED INTO COMPANIES THAT MAY NOW BE 930 00:48:20,300 --> 00:48:23,030 VERY LARGE MULTI-NATIONAL COMPANIES. 931 00:48:23,030 --> 00:48:26,390 BECAUSE OF THAT, VERY FEW OF THE PEOPLE THAT WE READ ABOUT ARE 932 00:48:26,390 --> 00:48:27,390 WOMEN. 933 00:48:27,390 --> 00:48:30,710 AND SO I ALWAYS SIT THERE AND THINK, WELL, I CERTAINLY HOPE 934 00:48:30,710 --> 00:48:33,590 THAT AS WE'RE DOING THIS 20 YEARS FROM NOW THAT WE'LL SEE A 935 00:48:33,590 --> 00:48:37,750 LOT MORE WOMEN WHO HAVE BEEN INVOLVED IN INVENTIONS THAT HAVE 936 00:48:37,750 --> 00:48:41,840 NOW GROWN INTO COMPANIES OR PRODUCTS OR THINGS THAT HAVE A 937 00:48:41,840 --> 00:48:44,850 GREAT IMPACT ON OUR SOCIETY. 938 00:48:44,850 --> 00:48:48,820 >> ONE GREAT EXAMPLE OF THAT IS THE JAWS OF LIFE. 939 00:48:48,820 --> 00:48:49,820 ARE YOU FAMILIAR WITH THAT? 940 00:48:49,820 --> 00:48:53,430 THE JAWS OF LIFE THAT PEOPLE USE TO CUT PEOPLE OUT OF VEHICLES? 941 00:48:53,430 --> 00:48:57,050 WE HAD TO INVENT THAT AS A PART OF NASA WORK BECAUSE WE HAD THE 942 00:48:57,050 --> 00:49:00,750 IMPOSSIBLE TASK OF TRYING TO CUT METAL ON THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE 943 00:49:00,750 --> 00:49:03,170 STATION IN A WEIGHTLESS ENVIRONMENT. 944 00:49:03,170 --> 00:49:05,740 SO WE DEVELOPED IT FOR THAT AND TRANSFERRED IT TO THE PRIVATE 945 00:49:05,740 --> 00:49:09,010 INDUSTRY SO WE'RE SAVING LIVES EVERY DAY WHEN PEOPLE GET IN 946 00:49:09,010 --> 00:49:12,020 THOSE ACCIDENTS AND CARS ARE ALL MANGLED UP AND YOU HAVE TO HAVE 947 00:49:12,020 --> 00:49:13,890 PEOPLE CUT OUT OF THE VEHICLES. 948 00:49:13,890 --> 00:49:16,780 SO THE NEXT QUESTION THAT I HAVE FOR YOU†-- WELL, FIRST OF ALL IN 949 00:49:16,780 --> 00:49:20,300 THE AUDIENCE HERE, WE HAVE MANY GIRLS HERE, AND THEY TALKED TO 950 00:49:20,300 --> 00:49:23,030 YOU ABOUT WHERE THEY WERE WHEN THEY WERE IN YOUR SEATS IN HIGH 951 00:49:23,030 --> 00:49:24,030 SCHOOL. 952 00:49:24,030 --> 00:49:25,360 HOW MANY OF YOU HAVE THOUGHT ABOUT WHAT IT IS THAT YOU WANT 953 00:49:25,360 --> 00:49:28,630 TO DO WHEN YOU BECOME AN ADULT, A FULL ADULT? 954 00:49:28,630 --> 00:49:30,670 ARE ANY OF YOU INTERESTED IN S.T.E.M. 955 00:49:30,670 --> 00:49:31,810 FIELDS ALREADY? 956 00:49:31,810 --> 00:49:32,920 YAY! 957 00:49:32,920 --> 00:49:35,060 LOOK AT ALL THESE HANDS! 958 00:49:35,060 --> 00:49:36,110 S.T.E.M.-RELATED FIELDS. 959 00:49:36,110 --> 00:49:38,920 ONE THING I'D LIKE TO ASK OF THE PANEL MEMBERS, WHAT ONE PIECE OF 960 00:49:38,920 --> 00:49:41,880 ADVICE WOULD YOU GIVE TO THE YOUNG GIRLS OUT THERE WHO ARE 961 00:49:41,880 --> 00:49:45,130 INTERESTED OR NOT EVEN YET INTERESTED BUT WHO ARE THINKING 962 00:49:45,130 --> 00:49:46,130 ABOUT S.T.E.M. 963 00:49:46,130 --> 00:49:47,600 RELATED CAREERS? 964 00:49:47,600 --> 00:49:48,600 WHAT ONE PIECE OF. 965 00:49:48,600 --> 00:49:50,270 ADVICE WOULD YOU OFFER THEM? 966 00:49:50,270 --> 00:49:52,690 >> MINE'S SIMPLE. 967 00:49:52,690 --> 00:49:53,690 YOU CAN DO IT. 968 00:49:53,690 --> 00:49:55,340 THEY ARE THE MOST FUN FIELDS. 969 00:49:55,340 --> 00:49:56,490 I'M VERY BIASED. 970 00:49:56,490 --> 00:50:00,320 BUT I SAY GO FOR IT AND YOU CAN ABSOLUTELY DO IT. 971 00:50:00,320 --> 00:50:01,320 YOU'LL NEVER REGRET IT. 972 00:50:01,320 --> 00:50:04,440 YOU'LL NEVER LOOK BACK. 973 00:50:04,440 --> 00:50:06,770 >> I COMPLETELY AGREE WITH THAT. 974 00:50:06,770 --> 00:50:11,860 MAINLY, DON'T LET FEAR GET IN YOUR WAY. 975 00:50:11,860 --> 00:50:13,010 THAT'S A NORMAL FEELING. 976 00:50:13,010 --> 00:50:16,560 IT MEANS YOU'RE DOING SOMETHING THAT'S HARD AND IT'S OKAY. 977 00:50:16,560 --> 00:50:18,200 THAT MEANS YOU'RE CHALLENGING YOURSELF. 978 00:50:18,200 --> 00:50:23,590 SO DON'T LET FEAR STOP YOU FROM DOING THINGS. 979 00:50:23,590 --> 00:50:24,590 >> THE S.T.E.M. 980 00:50:24,590 --> 00:50:26,510 FIELDS ARE A TOOL THAT WE USE TO HELP MAKE 981 00:50:26,510 --> 00:50:29,110 THE WORLD A BETTER PLACE, WHETHER IT'S STUDYING CLIMATE 982 00:50:29,110 --> 00:50:32,290 CHANGE, WHETHER IT'S INVENTIONS THAT SPIN OFF FROM NASA THAT 983 00:50:32,290 --> 00:50:34,850 HELP US CLEAN WATER IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AROUND THE 984 00:50:34,850 --> 00:50:35,850 WORLD. 985 00:50:35,850 --> 00:50:38,520 SO PLEASE GO INTO THEM BECAUSE WE HAVE ALL THESE CHALLENGES IN 986 00:50:38,520 --> 00:50:42,460 FRONT OF US FROM CLIMATE CHANGE, GETTING HUMANS TO MARS, TO 987 00:50:42,460 --> 00:50:44,530 LIVING IN THIS VERY TECHNOLOGICAL WORLD. 988 00:50:44,530 --> 00:50:48,780 I REALLY WANT YOU GUYS TO STICK WITH IT, FOLLOW YOUR DREAMS AND 989 00:50:48,780 --> 00:50:51,059 BECOME AN ENGINEER OR A SCIENTIST. 990 00:50:51,059 --> 00:50:52,059 >> WONDERFUL. 991 00:50:52,059 --> 00:50:54,910 >> I'D LIKE TO SAY MAKE SURE YOU KEEP YOUR OPTIONS OPEN. 992 00:50:54,910 --> 00:50:59,100 THAT HAS A LOT TO DO WITH CLASSES YOU TAKE IN HIGH SCHOOL 993 00:50:59,100 --> 00:51:03,010 AND WHAT YOU END UP TAKING IN COLLEGE. 994 00:51:03,010 --> 00:51:05,510 IT IS IMPORTANT NOT TO NARROW DOWN TOO SOON AND TO REALIZE 995 00:51:05,510 --> 00:51:09,350 YOUR INTERESTS MAY CHANGE, THE WORLD MAY CHANGE, AND IF YOU 996 00:51:09,350 --> 00:51:12,240 HAVE SOME OF THAT BEHIND YOU, YOU HAVE SO MUCH MORE OPTIONS 997 00:51:12,240 --> 00:51:13,690 AVAILABLE TO YOU. 998 00:51:13,690 --> 00:51:14,690 >> GREAT. 999 00:51:14,690 --> 00:51:16,740 WELL, I'D LIKE TO THANK YOU, PANEL MEMBERS, SO MUCH FOR 1000 00:51:16,740 --> 00:51:20,310 JOINING US HERE FOR THIS NASA WOMEN IN ACTION ACTIVITY. 1001 00:51:20,310 --> 00:51:22,780 THANK YOU ALL SO MUCH IN THE AUDIENCE FOR JOINING US AND 1002 00:51:22,780 --> 00:51:30,490 THANK YOU TO ALL OF YOU OUT THERE ON NASA-TV FOR JOINING US. 1003 00:51:30,490 --> 00:51:34,400 [†APPLAUSE†] I'D ALSO LIKE TO THANK DR. 1004 00:51:34,400 --> 00:51:35,880 JO HANDLESMAN FOR JOINING US. 1005 00:51:35,880 --> 00:51:42,330 WE REALLY APPRECIATE YOU JOINING US AND TAKING THE TIME TO BE 1006 00:51:42,330 --> 00:51:43,330 WITH US TODAY. 1007 00:51:43,330 --> 00:51:45,120 AND FOR THOSE OF YOU WHO OUT THERE WHO MISSED IT OR YOU CAME 1008 00:51:45,120 --> 00:51:46,330 IN LATE, DON'T WORRY. 1009 00:51:46,330 --> 00:51:47,960 WE'VE ACTUALLY RECORDED THIS. 1010 00:51:47,960 --> 00:51:53,560 YOU CAN WATCH THIS ON NASA-TV AT NASA.GOV/NASATV. 1011 00:51:53,560 --> 00:51:55,180 THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR JOINING US.